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CHIR 99021

Cat. No. 4423 412 Citations 16 Reviews Submit a Review Datasheet / COA / SDS
GMP Version Available: CHIR 99021
Pricing Availability   Qty
Description: Highly selective GSK-3 inhibitor; acts as Wnt activator
Alternative Names: CHIR99021,CT99021
Chemical Name: 6-[[2-[[4-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]ethyl]amino]-3-pyridinecarbonitrile
Purity: ≥98% (HPLC)
Datasheet
Citations (412)
Reviews (16)
Protocols (13)
Literature (4)
Pathways (1)
Biological Activity Scientific Data Technical Data Solubility Calculators Datasheets References

Biological Activity for CHIR 99021

CHIR 99021 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) (IC50 values are 6.7 and 10 nM for GSK-3β and GSK-3α respectively). Acts as Wnt activator. Exhibits >500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 over closely related kinases; also displays >800-fold selectivity against 45 additional enzymes and receptors. In combination with the irreversible inhibitor of LSD1 (Cat. No. 3852), CHIR 99021 enables reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, transduced by Oct4 and Klf4 only, into iPSCs. Enhances mouse and human ESC self-renewal when used in combination with PD 0325901 (Cat. No. 4192). It promotes differentiation of hPSCs in cardiomyocytes and allows formation of extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells in combination with (S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate (Cat. No. 1425), tetracycline antibiotic (Cat. No. 3268) and human leukemia inhibitory factor. Used in a protocol to generate brain organoids from human iPSCs. Also used in iPS cell differentiation protocol that produces CD34+ hematopoietic cells with multilineage engraftment ability.

CHIR 99021 synthesized to cGMP guidelines and CHIR 99021 in solution also available.

For more information on how to use CHIR 99021, see our protocols: Transdifferentiating Fibroblasts into Neurons, Culturing Transcriptomically Distinct Pluripotent mESCs, Converting Fibroblasts into Cardiomyocytes (9C Cocktail), Human iPSC-derived Myoblasts.

Scientific Data

Cardiomyocyte derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using CHIR 99021. View Larger

Cardiomyocyte derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using CHIR 99021. Cells cultured in Media supplemented with Activin A (Catalog # 338-AC, R&D Systems), N21-MAX Insulin Free (Catalog # AR010, R&D Systems), BMP-4 (Catalog # 314-BP, R&D Systems), bFGF (Catalog # 233-FB, R&D Systems) and DKK-1 (Catalog # 5439-DK, R&D Systems). Stained for F-Actin (Phalloidin, green), Troponin T (red, Human Troponin T (Cardiac) Antibody, Catalog # MAB1874, R&D Systems) and counterstained with DAPI (blue, Catalog # 5748, Tocris).

External Portal Information for CHIR 99021

Chemicalprobes.org is a portal that offers independent guidance on the selection and/or application of small molecules for research. The use of CHIR-99021 is reviewed on the chemical probes website.

Compound Libraries for CHIR 99021

CHIR 99021 is also offered as part of the Tocriscreen 2.0 Max, Tocriscreen Kinase Inhibitor Library, Tocriscreen Epigenetics Library and Tocriscreen Stem Cell Library. Find out more about compound libraries available from Tocris.

Technical Data for CHIR 99021

M. Wt 465.34
Formula C22H18Cl2N8
Storage Store at -20°C
Purity ≥98% (HPLC)
CAS Number 252917-06-9
PubChem ID 9956119
InChI Key AQGNHMOJWBZFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Smiles ClC(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1C2=NC(NCCNC3=CC=C(C#N)C=N3)=NC=C2C4=NC=C(C)N4

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Solubility Data for CHIR 99021

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
Solubility
DMSO 9.31 20

Preparing Stock Solutions for CHIR 99021

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 465.34. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Select a batch to recalculate based on the batch molecular weight:
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
0.2 mM 10.74 mL 53.72 mL 107.45 mL
1 mM 2.15 mL 10.74 mL 21.49 mL
2 mM 1.07 mL 5.37 mL 10.74 mL
10 mM 0.21 mL 1.07 mL 2.15 mL

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Product Datasheets for CHIR 99021

Certificate of Analysis / Product Datasheet
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Safety Datasheet

References for CHIR 99021

References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.

Pan et al (2011) AKT kinase activity is required for Li to modulate mood-related behaviors in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 36 1397 PMID: 21389981

Ring et al (2003) Selective glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors potentiate Ins activation of glucose transport and utilization in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes 52 588 PMID: 12606497

Li et al (2009) Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells in the absence of exogenous Sox2. Stem Cells 27 2992 PMID: 19839055

Ye et al (2012) Pleiotropy of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition by CHIR99021 promotes self-renewal of embyronic stem cells from refractory mouse strains. PLoS One 7 e35892 PMID: 22540008

Yang et al (2017) Derivation of pluripotent stem cells with in vivo embryonic and extraembryonic potency. Cell. 169 243 PMID: 28388409

Sato et al (2015) SnapShot: Growing Organoids from Stem Cells. Cell 161 1700 PMID: 26091044

Mahe et al (2014) Establishment of gastrointestinal epithelial organoids Curr.Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3 217 PMID: 25105065

Bartfeld et al (2015) In vitro expansion of human gastric epithelial stem cells and their responses to bacterial infection. Gastroenterology 148 126 PMID: 25307862

Xia et al (2014) The generation of kidney organoids by differentiation of human pluripotent cells to ureteric bud progenitor-like cells. Nat. Protoc. 9 2693 PMID: 25340442

Dye et al (2015) In vitro generation of human pluripotent stem cell derived lung organoids. Elife PMID: 25803487

Koehler et al (2014) 3D mouse embryonic stem cell culture for generating inner ear organoids. Nat.Protoc. 9 1229 PMID: 24784820

Wimmer et al (2019) Human blood vessel organoids as a model of diabetic vasculopathy. Nature 565 505 PMID: 30651639

Noor et al (2019) 3D Printing of Personalized Thick and Perfusable Cardiac Patches and Hearts. Adv.Sci.(Weinh) 6 1900344 PMID: 31179230

Hoang et al (2018) Generation of spatial-patterned early-developing cardiac organoids using human pluripotent stem cells. Nat.Protoc. 13 723 PMID: 29543795

Lian et al (2012) Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 109 E1848 PMID: 22645348

Schafer et al (2023) An in vivo neuroimmune organoid model to study human microglia phenotypes. Cell 186 1222 PMID: 37172564

Ng et al (2024) Long-term engrafting multilineage hematopoietic cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat.Biotechnol. PMID: 39223325

If you know of a relevant reference for CHIR 99021, please let us know.

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Keywords: CHIR 99021, CHIR 99021 supplier, CHIR99021, glycogen, synthase, kinase, 3, gsk-3, gsk-3a, gsk-3alpha, gsk-3α, gsk-3b, gsk-3beta, gsk-3β, inhibitors, inhibits, highly, selective, potent, organoids, Wnt, agonist, activator, CHIR, CT99021, CT, 99021, hematopoietic, haematopoietic, stem, cells, HSC, CD34+, multi, Glycogen, Synthase, Kinase, Stem, Cell, Reprogramming, Organoids, Hematopoietic, Cells, 4423, Tocris Bioscience

412 Citations for CHIR 99021

Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for CHIR 99021 include:

Murase et al (2024) In vitro reconstitution of epigenetic reprogramming in the human germ line. Nature PMID: 38768632

Yang et al (2024) Metformin decelerates aging clock in male monkeys. Cell 187 1 PMID: 39270656

Ng et al (2024) Long-term engrafting multilineage hematopoietic cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat.Biotechnol. PMID: 39223325

Laween et al (2023) Bioengineering human intestinal mucosal grafts using patient-derived organoids, fibroblasts and scaffolds. Nat Protoc 18 108-135 PMID: 36261633

Bo et al (2023) Generation of dorsoventral human spinal cord organoids via functionalizing composite scaffold for drug testing. iScience 26 105898 PMID: 36647382

Stefan et al (2023) Pump-less, recirculating organ-on-a-chip (rOoC) platform. Lab Chip 23 591-608 PMID: 36655405

Ludo et al (2023) FUS-ALS hiPSC-derived astrocytes impair human motor units through both gain-of-toxicity and loss-of-support mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 18 5 PMID: 36653804

Serena et al (2023) Automated high-content imaging in iPSC-derived neuronal progenitors. SLAS Discov 28 42-51 PMID: 36610640

C Frank et al (2023) Long-Term SMN- and Ncald-ASO Combinatorial Therapy in SMA Mice and NCALD-ASO Treatment in hiPSC-Derived Motor Neurons Show Protective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 24 PMID: 36835624

Sara et al (2023) Expansion of ventral foregut is linked to changes in the enhancer landscape for organ-specific differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 25 481-492 PMID: 36690849

Mustafa et al (2023) A Robust Pipeline for the Multi-Stage Accelerated Differentiation of Functional 3D Cortical Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc 3 e641 PMID: 36633423

Qian et al (2023) Spatial multiomics map of trophoblast development in early pregnancy. Nature 616 143-151 PMID: 36991123

Yulia V et al (2023) Engineered cardiac tissue model of restrictive cardiomyopathy for drug discovery. Cell Rep Med 4 100976 PMID: 36921598

Steven P et al (2023) Genetic dissection of the pluripotent proteome through multi-omics data integration. Cell Genom 3 100283 PMID: 37082146

Jie et al (2023) Establishing Bipotential Human Lung Organoid Culture System and Differentiation to Generate Mature Alveolar and Airway Organoids. Bio Protoc 13 e4657 PMID: 37113328

Dmitry et al (2023) Airway and Lung Organoids from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Can Be Used to Assess CFTR Conductance. Int J Mol Sci 24 PMID: 37047264

Mark et al (2023) Axon guidance genes modulate neurotoxicity of ALS-associated UBQLN2. Elife 12 PMID: 37039476

Stefan et al (2023) Quantitative chemometric phenotyping of three-dimensional liver organoids by Raman spectral imaging. Cell Rep Methods 3 100440 PMID: 37159662

Nadine et al (2023) A distal lung organoid model to study interstitial lung disease, viral infection and human lung development. Nat Protoc PMID: 37165073

Alessandro et al (2023) Establishment of Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors from Non-Human Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 12 PMID: 37190056

Tim et al (2023) A pesticide and iPSC dopaminergic neuron screen identifies and classifies Parkinson-relevant pesticides. Nat Commun 14 2803 PMID: 37193692

Jing et al (2023) Pluripotent stem cell-derived committed cardiac progenitors remuscularize damaged ischemic hearts and improve their function in pigs. NPJ Regen Med 8 26 PMID: 37236990

Aditya et al (2023) Systematic discovery of transcription factors that improve hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation via temporal analysis of bioengineered cardiac tissues. APL Bioeng 7 026109 PMID: 37252678

Alessandra et al (2023) Recapitulating porcine cardiac development in vitro: from expanded potential stem cell to embryo culture models. Front Cell Dev Biol 11 1111684 PMID: 37261075

Bouffi et al (2023) In vivo development of immune tissue in human intestinal organoids transplanted into humanized mice Nat.Biotechnol. PMID: 36702898

Schafer et al (2023) An in vivo neuroimmune organoid model to study human microglia phenotypes. Cell 186 2111 PMID: 37172564

Amos et al (2020) SEM/FIB Imaging for Studying Neural Interfaces. Dev Neurobiol 80 305-315 PMID: 31228876

Narutoshi et al (2020) Principles of Spheroid Preparation for Creation of 3D Cardiac Tissue Using Biomaterial-Free Bioprinting. Methods Mol Biol 2140 183-197 PMID: 32207113

Krisztina et al (2020) Gastruloids: Embryonic Organoids from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Study Patterning and Development in Early Mammalian Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2258 131-147 PMID: 33340359

Stewart A et al (2020) Protocol for Tri-culture of hiPSC-Derived Neurons, Astrocytes, and Microglia. STAR Protoc 1 100190 PMID: 33377084

Takuya et al (2020) Long-term expansion with germline potential of human primordial germ cell-like cells in vitro. EMBO J 39 e104929 PMID: 32954504

Mark et al (2020) Reengineering an Antiarrhythmic Drug Using Patient hiPSC Cardiomyocytes to Improve Therapeutic Potential and Reduce Toxicity. Cell Stem Cell 27 813-821.e6 PMID: 32931730

Masayuki et al (2020) Intracellular pH controls WNT downstream of glycolysis in amniote embryos. Nature 584 98-101 PMID: 32581357

Alexander R et al (2020) Spatially controlled stem cell differentiation via morphogen gradients: A comparison of static and dynamic microfluidic platforms. J Vac Sci Technol A 38 033205 PMID: 32255900

Michael A et al (2020) Differentiation of PTH-Expressing Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Endocrinology 161 PMID: 32810225

Joshy et al (2020) Poison Exon Splicing Regulates a Coordinated Network of SR Protein Expression during Differentiation and Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 80 648-665.e9 PMID: 33176162

Emanuela et al (2020) Differentiation of the human PAX7-positive myogenic precursors/satellite cell lineage in vitro. Development PMID: 34004948

Maxime M et al (2020) Pluripotent stem cell derived intestinal organoids with an enteric nervous system. Methods Cell Biol 159 175-199 PMID: 32586442

Kotaro et al (2020) Generation of human oogonia from induced pluripotent stem cells in culture. Nat Protoc 15 1560-1583 PMID: 32231324

Nicholas C et al (2020) Co-Culture System of Human Enteroids/Colonoids with Innate Immune Cells. Curr Protoc Immunol 131 e113 PMID: 33166041

Lucy et al (2020) Establishment and differentiation of long-term trophoblast organoid cultures from the human placenta. Nat Protoc 15 3441-3463 PMID: 32908314

Donna L et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Infects the Brain Choroid Plexus and Disrupts the Blood-CSF Barrier in Human Brain Organoids. Cell Stem Cell 27 951-961.e5 PMID: 33113348

Hyun Jung et al (2020) Neural Transplants From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Rescue the Pathology and Behavioral Defects in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 14 558204 PMID: 33071737

Thaddeus G et al (2020) Placenta-derived macaque trophoblast stem cells: differentiation to syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts reveals phenotypic reprogramming. Sci Rep 10 19159 PMID: 33154556

Lisa M et al (2020) FOXO3 targets are reprogrammed as Huntington's disease neural cells and striatal neurons face senescence with p16INK4a increase. Aging Cell 19 e13226 PMID: 33156570

Alon et al (2020) Electrophysiologic Characterization of Developing Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 61 44 PMID: 32991686

Richard A et al (2020) Multi-layered Spatial Transcriptomics Identify Secretory Factors Promoting Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. Cell Stem Cell 27 822-839.e8 PMID: 32946788

Malcolm G et al (2020) Aspirin Rescues Wnt-Driven Stem-like Phenotype in Human Intestinal Organoids and Increases the Wnt Antagonist Dickkopf-1. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 11 465-489 PMID: 32971322

Walter C et al (2020) Accelerated differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into neural lineages via an early intermediate ectoderm population. Stem Cells 38 1400-1408 PMID: 32745311

Ludovic et al (2020) Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Phenotypic Variability that Is Driven by Genetic Variation. Cell Stem Cell 27 470-481.e6 PMID: 32795399

Adrian S et al (2020) Aberrant Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Precursor Cells inside Mouse Vascularized Bioreactors. Nephron 144 509-524 PMID: 32756058

Frédéric H-T et al (2020) Aberrant interaction of FUS with the U1 snRNA provides a molecular mechanism of FUS induced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Commun 11 6341 PMID: 33311468

April D et al (2020) Generation of PAX7 Reporter Cells to Investigate Skeletal Myogenesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. STAR Protoc 1 100158 PMID: 33377052

Emanuela et al (2020) Differentiation of the human PAX7-positive myogenic precursors/satellite cell lineage in vitro. Development 147 PMID: 32541004

Constanze et al (2020) Protocol for the Generation of Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. STAR Protoc 1 100130 PMID: 33377024

Koen C et al (2020) Introducing the Stem Cell ASCL2 Reporter STAR into Intestinal Organoids. STAR Protoc 1 100126 PMID: 33377020

Edwin M et al (2020) Human iPSC Modeling Reveals Mutation-Specific Responses to Gene Therapy in a Genotypically Diverse Dominant Maculopathy. Am J Hum Genet 107 278-292 PMID: 32707085

Takashi et al (2020) Hedgehog Activation Regulates Human Osteoblastogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 15 125-139 PMID: 32531191

Peter W et al (2020) Nucleosides Rescue Replication-Mediated Genome Instability of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 14 1009-1017 PMID: 32413278

Jizhong et al (2020) Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Fully Chemically Defined Conditions. STAR Protoc 1 PMID: 32734277

Mary Lou et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Lung Alveolar Type 2 Cells Elicits a Rapid Epithelial-Intrinsic Inflammatory Response. Cell Stem Cell 27 962-973.e7 PMID: 32979316

Peter et al (2020) Evaluating the Effects of Cell Sorting on Gene Expression. J Biomol Tech 31 100-111 PMID: 32982601

Rui et al (2020) Wnt/Beta-catenin/Esrrb signalling controls the tissue-scale reorganization and maintenance of the pluripotent lineage during murine embryonic diapause. Nat Commun 11 5499 PMID: 33127892

Ting et al (2020) Protocol for the Generation of Human Pluripotent Reporter Cell Lines Using CRISPR/Cas9. STAR Protoc 1 PMID: 33073252

Gareth et al (2020) A method for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells toward functional cardiomyocytes in 96-well microplates. Sci Rep 10 18498 PMID: 33116175

Hui et al (2020) 16p11.2 microdeletion imparts transcriptional alterations in human iPSC-derived models of early neural development. Elife 9 PMID: 33169669

Byeong-Sun et al (2020) Three-Dimensional Human Alveolar Stem Cell Culture Models Reveal Infection Response to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Stem Cell 27 905-919.e10 PMID: 33142113

Richard C et al (2020) Human Lung Stem Cell-Based Alveolospheres Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Interferon Responses and Pneumocyte Dysfunction. Cell Stem Cell 27 890-904.e8 PMID: 33128895

Darrell N et al (2020) Generation of mesenchyme free intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 11 215 PMID: 31924806

Qianqian et al (2020) A cytokine screen using CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in reporter pig iPS cells reveals that Activin A regulates NANOG. Stem Cell Res Ther 11 67 PMID: 32070424

Preethi et al (2020) High-Throughput Drug Screening Identifies a Potent Wnt Inhibitor that Promotes Airway Basal Stem Cell Homeostasis. Cell Rep 30 2055-2064.e5 PMID: 32075752

Sun et al (2020) Development of genetic quality tests for good manufacturing practice-compliant induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. Sci Rep 10 3939 PMID: 32127560

Jeong-Eun et al (2020) Multimodal Therapeutic Effects of Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells through Episomal Plasmid-Based Reprogramming in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2020 4061516 PMID: 32269595

Robert et al (2020) CRISPR-mediated gene correction links the ATP7A M1311V mutations with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis in one individual. Commun Biol 3 33 PMID: 31959876

Xavier et al (2020) BCL-xL/BCL2L1 is a critical anti-apoptotic protein that promotes the survival of differentiating pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 11 378 PMID: 32424151

Constanze et al (2020) Expression of RUNX1-ETO Rapidly Alters the Chromatin Landscape and Growth of Early Human Myeloid Precursor Cells. Cell Rep 31 107691 PMID: 32460028

Peter et al (2020) Evaluating the Effects of Cell Sorting on Gene Expression. J Biomol Tech PMID: 32831654

Paul et al (2020) A Non-Coding Disease Modifier of Pancreatic Agenesis Identified by Genetic Correction in a Patient-Derived iPSC Line. Cell Stem Cell 27 137-146.e6 PMID: 32442395

Katja et al (2020) A Human Skeletal Muscle Atlas Identifies the Trajectories of Stem and Progenitor Cells across Development and from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 27 158-176.e10 PMID: 32396864

Da-Zhi et al (2020) Transient exposure to miR-203 enhances the differentiation capacity of established pluripotent stem cells. EMBO J 39 e104324 PMID: 32614092

Valentina et al (2020) Intravital three-dimensional bioprinting. Nat Biomed Eng 4 901-915 PMID: 32572195

Yanyan et al (2020) Autologous correction in patient induced pluripotent stem cell-endothelial cells to identify a novel pathogenic mutation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Pulm Circ 10 2045894019885357 PMID: 33282178

Oliver et al (2020) Inhibition of LTβR signalling activates WNT-induced regeneration in lung. Nature 588 151-156 PMID: 33149305

Tina et al (2020) An in vitro model of early anteroposterior organization during human development. Nature 582 410-415 PMID: 32528178

Christoph et al (2020) In vitro characterization of the human segmentation clock. Nature 580 113-118 PMID: 31915384

Yuka et al (2020) Reconstitution of prospermatogonial specification in vitro from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 11 5656 PMID: 33168808

Claudio J et al (2020) Regulation of Tumor Initiation by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier. Cell Metab 31 284-300.e7 PMID: 31813825

Melissa J et al (2020) Genome Editing-Mediated Utrophin Upregulation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Stem Cells. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 22 500-509 PMID: 33230452

Jason et al (2020) Generation and trapping of a mesoderm biased state of human pluripotency. Nat Commun 11 4989 PMID: 33020476

Sheng et al (2020) Overcoming Wnt-β-catenin dependent anticancer therapy resistance in leukaemia stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 22 689-700 PMID: 32313104

Olivier et al (2020) Bioelectrical domain walls in homogeneous tissues. Nat Phys 16 357-364 PMID: 33790984

Lorna et al (2020) Differentiation of a Contractile, Ureter-Like Tissue, from Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Ureteric Bud and Ex Fetu Mesenchyme. J Am Soc Nephrol 31 2253-2262 PMID: 32826325

Vermilyea et al (2017) Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons from Adult Common Marmoset Fibroblasts. Stem Cells Dev 26 1225 PMID: 28635509

Sampaziotis et al (2017) Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional cholangiocyte-like cells. Nat Protoc 12 814 PMID: 28333915

McCauley et al (2017) Efficient Derivation of Functional Human Airway Epithelium from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Temporal Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 20 844 PMID: 28366587

Lancaster et al (2017) Guided self-organization and cortical plate formation in human brain organoids. Nat Biotechnol 35 659 PMID: 28562594

Morizane and Bonventre (2017) Generation of nephron progenitor cells and kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 12 195 PMID: 28005067

Yang et al (2017) Establishment of mouse expanded potential stem cells. Nature 550 393 PMID: 29019987

Ong et al (2017) Biomaterial-Free Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Cardiac Tissue using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 7 4566 PMID: 28676704

Kumar et al (2017) Dynamic regulation of Nanog and stem cell-signaling pathways by Hoxa1 during early neuro-ectodermal differentiation of ES cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114 5838 PMID: 28584089

Lai et al (2017) Correction of Hirschsprung-Associated Mutations in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9, Restores Neural Crest Cell Function. Gastroenterology 153 139 PMID: 28342760

Lee et al (2017) Anatomically and Functionally Distinct Lung Mesenchymal Populations Marked by Lgr5 and Lgr6. Cell 170 1149 PMID: 28886383

Lin et al (2017) Culture in Glucose-Depleted Medium Supplemented with Fatty Acid and 3,3',5-Triiodo-l-Thyronine Facilitates Purification and Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8 253 PMID: 29067001

Tang and Cheng (2017) Cocktail of chemical compounds robustly promoting cell reprogramming protects liver against acute injury. Protein Cell 8 273 PMID: 28190217

Walsh et al (2017) Defined Culture Conditions Accelerate Small-molecule-assisted Neural Induction for the Production of Neural Progenitors from Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 26 1890 PMID: 29390875

Zhang et al (2016) Pharmacological reprogramming of fibroblasts into neural stem cells by signaling-directed transcriptional activation. Cell Stem Cell 18 653 PMID: 27133794

Heuberger et al (2019) A C/EBPα-Wnt connection in gut homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2 e201800173 PMID: 30599048

Shafa et al (2018) Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Manufactured Using a Current Good Manufacturing Practice-Compliant Process Differentiate Into Clinically Relevant Cells From Three Germ Layers. Front Med (Lausanne) 5 69 PMID: 29600249

Tata et al (2018) Myoepithelial Cells of Submucosal Glands Can Function as Reserve Stem Cells to Regenerate Airways after Injury. Cell Stem Cell 22 668 PMID: 29656943

Zhou et al (2018) Functional comparison of distinct Brachyury+ states in a renal differentiation assay. Biol Open 7 PMID: 29666052

Levardon et al (2018) Expansion of Airway Basal Cells and Generation of Polarized Epithelium. Bio Protoc 8 PMID: 30009215

Shekhar et al (2018) ETV1 activates a rapid conduction transcriptional program in rodent and human cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 8 9944 PMID: 29967479

Leung et al (2018) Notch and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Impact Definitive Hematopoiesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells PMID: 29569827

Wang et al (2018) The COPII cargo adapter SEC24C is essential for neuronal homeostasis. J Clin Invest 128 3319 PMID: 29939162

Li et al (2018) Rapid generation of gene-targeted EPS-derived mouse models through tetraploid complementation. Protein Cell PMID: 29948855

Srikanth et al (2018) Shared effects of DISC1 disruption and elevated WNT signaling in human cerebral organoids. Transl Psychiatry 8 77 PMID: 29643329

Sharma et al (2018) Stage-specific Effects of Bioactive Lipids on Human iPSC Cardiac Differentiation and Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. Sci Rep 8 6618 PMID: 29700394

Yamoah et al (2018) Highly efficient transfection of human induced pluripotent stem cells using magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 13 6073 PMID: 30323594

Hugo et al (2015) Non-genomic and Immune Evolution of Melanoma Acquiring MAPKi Resistance. Cell 162 1271 PMID: 26359985

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Xi et al (2022) An optimized chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol using Staph-seq for analyzing genome-wide protein-DNA interactions. STAR Protoc 3 101918 PMID: 36595937

Jay K et al (2022) IL-17RA-signaling in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells induces expression of transcription factor ATOH1 to promote secretory cell lineage commitment. Immunity 55 237-253.e8 PMID: 35081371

Ludovic et al (2022) Organoids capture tissue-specific innate lymphoid cell development in mice and humans. Cell Rep 40 111281 PMID: 36044863

Christine E et al (2022) Transcription factor protein interactomes reveal genetic determinants in heart disease. Cell 185 794-814.e30 PMID: 35182466

Cheng et al (2022) Genome-wide identification of the genetic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuron 110 992-1008.e11 PMID: 35045337

Timothy C et al (2022) Contribution of Trp63CreERT2-labeled cells to alveolar regeneration is independent of tuft cells. Elife 11 PMID: 36129169

Florent et al (2022) Susceptibilities of CNS Cells towards Rabies Virus Infection Is Linked to Cellular Innate Immune Responses. Viruses 15 PMID: 36680128

Francisco J et al (2022) Retrotransposon instability dominates the acquired mutation landscape of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 13 7470 PMID: 36463236

Emmanouil et al (2022) Derivation of nociceptive sensory neurons from hiPSCs with early patterning and temporally controlled NEUROG2 overexpression. Cell Rep Methods 2 100341 PMID: 36452863

Elly et al (2022) Canonical Wnt signaling and the regulation of divergent mesenchymal Fgf8 expression in axolotl limb development and regeneration. Elife 11 PMID: 35587651

Yin et al (2022) Novel GSK-3 kinase inhibitor Pym-5 induces GSK-3β rather than GSK-3α-dependent melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells. J Dermatol Sci 106 170-180 PMID: 35641396

Janet L et al (2022) Generation of human elongating multi-lineage organized cardiac gastruloids. STAR Protoc 3 101898 PMID: 36595961

Kalpaj R et al (2022) A Novel Bioreactor for Reconstitution of the Epithelium and Submucosal Glands in Decellularized Ferret Tracheas. Cells 11 PMID: 35326478

Mustafa et al (2022) Dynamic 3D Combinatorial Generation of hPSC-Derived Neuromesodermal Organoids With Diverse Regional and Cellular Identities. Curr Protoc 2 e568 PMID: 36264199

Catherine et al (2022) DJ-1 is an essential downstream mediator in PINK1/parkin-dependent mitophagy. Brain 145 4368-4384 PMID: 36039535

Ran et al (2022) Efficient differentiation of human primordial germ cells through geometric control reveals a key role for Nodal signaling. Elife 11 PMID: 35394424

James R et al (2022) Human induced pluripotent stem cells integrate, create synapses and extend long axons after spinal cord injury. J Cell Mol Med 26 1932-1942 PMID: 35257489

Angelika et al (2022) Differentiation of iPS-Cells into Peripheral Sensory Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2429 175-188 PMID: 35507161

Reza et al (2022) In Vitro Generation of Heart Field Specific Cardiomyocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2429 257-267 PMID: 35507167

Chen et al (2022) Ti3 C2 Tx MXene Composite 3D Hydrogel Potentiates mTOR Signaling to Promote the Generation of Functional Hair Cells in Cochlea Organoids. Adv Sci (Weinh) 9 e2203557 PMID: 36117048

Bruce et al (2022) Human alveolar type 2 epithelium transdifferentiates into metaplastic KRT5+ basal cells. Nat Cell Biol 24 10-23 PMID: 34969962

Roy et al (2022) Kidney organoids recapitulate human basement membrane assembly in health and disease. Elife 11 PMID: 35076391

Bong-Kiun et al (2022) The GSK-3 Inhibitor CT99021 Enhances the Acquisition of Spatial Learning and the Accuracy of Spatial Memory. Front Mol Neurosci 14 804130 PMID: 35153671

Gordon F et al (2022) Development of high-affinity nanobodies specific for NaV1.4 and NaV1.5 voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms. J Biol Chem 298 101763 PMID: 35202650

Martin et al (2022) Metabolomic profiling of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation into lung progenitors. iScience 25 103797 PMID: 35198866

Takashi et al (2022) Epithelial-derived factors induce muscularis mucosa of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gastric organoids. Stem Cell Reports 17 820-834 PMID: 35245440

Shyni et al (2022) An In Vitro Microfluidic Alveolus Model to Study Lung Biomechanics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 10 848699 PMID: 35252157

Miguel N et al (2022) A non-dividing cell population with high pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity regulates metabolic heterogeneity and tumorigenesis in the intestine. Nat Commun 13 1503 PMID: 35314684

Christine et al (2022) Renalase and its receptor, PMCA4b, are expressed in the placenta throughout the human gestation. Sci Rep 12 4953 PMID: 35322081

Catherine et al (2022) Engineering neurovascular organoids with 3D printed microfluidic chips. Lab Chip 22 1615-1629 PMID: 35333271

Chengkai et al (2022) A multi-axis robot-based bioprinting system supporting natural cell function preservation and cardiac tissue fabrication. Bioact Mater 18 138-150 PMID: 35387155

Hong et al (2022) Spinal dI4 Interneuron Differentiation From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 15 845875 PMID: 35465095

Stefan et al (2022) The antimicrobial peptide S100A8/A9 produced by airway epithelium functions as a potent and direct regulator of macrophage phenotype and function. Eur Respir J 59 PMID: 34561292

Guojie et al (2022) JAK inhibitor blocks COVID-19 cytokine-induced JAK/STAT/APOL1 signaling in glomerular cells and podocytopathy in human kidney organoids. JCI Insight 7 PMID: 35472001

Jing et al (2022) Single-cell atlas of the aging mouse colon. iScience 25 104202 PMID: 35479413

Monica M et al (2022) Re-Expression of ERα and AR in Receptor Negative Endocrine Cancers via GSK3 Inhibition. Front Oncol 12 824594 PMID: 35402240

Alexandre P et al (2022) An epithelial signalling centre in sharks supports homology of tooth morphogenesis in vertebrates. Elife 11 PMID: 35536602

Yue et al (2022) Mitochondrial dysfunction by TFAM depletion disrupts self-renewal and lineage differentiation of human PSCs by affecting cell proliferation and YAP response. Redox Biol 50 102248 PMID: 35091324

Xingbin et al (2022) Primary culture of tracheal aspirate-derived human airway basal stem cells. STAR Protoc 3 101390 PMID: 35600918

Yoshihiro et al (2022) CDX2-induced intestinal metaplasia in human gastric organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. iScience 25 104314 PMID: 35602937

Fan et al (2022) Identification of metabolic pathways underlying FGF1 and CHIR99021-mediated cardioprotection. iScience 25 104447 PMID: 35707727

Hiromitsu et al (2022) Streamlined and quantitative detection of chimerism using digital PCR. Sci Rep 12 10223 PMID: 35715477

Aleksandra et al (2022) Defined conditions for long-term expansion of murine and human alveolar epithelial stem cells in three-dimensional cultures. STAR Protoc 3 101447 PMID: 35712012

Janet L et al (2022) A combined human gastruloid model of cardiogenesis and neurogenesis. iScience 25 104486 PMID: 35721464

Yen-Wen et al (2022) Tumor endothelial marker 1 is upregulated in heart after cardiac injury and participates in cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 12 10532 PMID: 35732643

Wenqi et al (2022) Reengineering Ponatinib to Minimize Cardiovascular Toxicity. Cancer Res 82 2777-2791 PMID: 35763671

Vincent et al (2022) Dynamic enlargement and mobilization of lipid droplets in pluripotent cells coordinate morphogenesis during mouse peri-implantation development. Nat Commun 13 3861 PMID: 35790717

Mary Lou et al (2022) A multimodal iPSC platform for cystic fibrosis drug testing. Nat Commun 13 4270 PMID: 35906215

Muhammad Abid et al (2022) Developmental modeling of hepatogenesis using obese iPSCs-hepatocyte differentiation uncovers pathological features. Cell Death Dis 13 670 PMID: 35915082

Erica et al (2022) Tension-driven multi-scale self-organisation in human iPSC-derived muscle fibers. Elife 11 PMID: 35920628

Stephanie et al (2022) Protocols to culture and harvest hepatic tumor organoids for metabolic assays. STAR Protoc 3 101597 PMID: 35942348

Beate et al (2022) Primary cilia and SHH signaling impairments in human and mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 13 4819 PMID: 35974013

Gordana et al (2022) STK25 inhibits PKA signaling by phosphorylating PRKAR1A. Cell Rep 40 111203 PMID: 35977512

Zhen et al (2022) A stem cell roadmap of ribosome heterogeneity reveals a function for RPL10A in mesoderm production. Nat Commun 13 5491 PMID: 36123354

Peng et al (2022) Isolation and characterization of human embryonic stem cell-derived heart field-specific cardiomyocytes unravels new insights into their transcriptional and electrophysiological profiles. Cardiovasc Res 118 828-843 PMID: 33744937

Lu et al (2022) Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into diverse organ-specific mesenchyme of the digestive and respiratory systems. Nat Protoc 17 2699-2719 PMID: 35978039

Kyung-Sun et al (2022) Wnt-activating human skin organoid model of atopic dermatitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus and its protective effects by Cutibacterium acnes. iScience 25 105150 PMID: 36193049

Sagrario et al (2022) The HASTER lncRNA promoter is a cis-acting transcriptional stabilizer of HNF1A. Nat Cell Biol 24 1528-1540 PMID: 36202974

Simone et al (2022) Human fetal membrane-mesenchymal stromal cells generate functional spinal motor neurons in vitro. iScience 25 105197 PMID: 36238899

Chong-Shan et al (2022) LRRK2 is required for CD38-mediated NAADP-Ca2+ signaling and the downstream activation of TFEB (transcription factor EB) in immune cells. Autophagy 18 204-222 PMID: 34313548

Eva et al (2019) Axon-seq for in Depth Analysis of the RNA Content of Neuronal Processes. Bio Protoc 9 e3312 PMID: 33654821

Konstantinos-Dionysios et al (2019) Derivation of self-renewing lung alveolar epithelial type II cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 3303-3332 PMID: 31732721

Tracy C et al (2019) Wnt signaling inhibition by monensin results in a period of Hippo pathway activation during intestinal adaptation in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 316 G679-G691 PMID: 30896968

Ryan M et al (2019) Specification of positional identity in forebrain organoids. Nat Biotechnol 37 436-444 PMID: 30936566

Kevin et al (2019) Derivation of enteric neuron lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 1261-1279 PMID: 30911172

Kyoung Hwa et al (2019) Basal-type lumenogenesis in extraembryonic endoderm stem cells models the early visceral endoderm. J Cell Sci 132 PMID: 31492758

Olga et al (2019) Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium. J Vis Exp PMID: 31033964

Puspa R et al (2019) End-to-End Platform for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 21 PMID: 31877727

Fan et al (2019) Long-Term Stability and Differentiation Potential of Cryopreserved cGMP-Compliant Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 21 PMID: 31877913

Francois et al (2019) Cortical Neurogenesis Requires Bcl6-Mediated Transcriptional Repression of Multiple Self-Renewal-Promoting Extrinsic Pathways. Neuron 103 1096-1108.e4 PMID: 31353074

Chi-chung et al (2019) Activation of Hedgehog Signaling Promotes Development of Mouse and Human Enteric Neural Crest Cells, Based on Single-Cell Transcriptome Analyses. Gastroenterology 157 1556-1571.e5 PMID: 31442438

David J et al (2019) The role of cardiac transcription factor NKX2-5 in regulating the human cardiac miRNAome. Sci Rep 9 15928 PMID: 31685864

Ajeet P et al (2019) Enteroendocrine Progenitor Cell-Enriched miR-7 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation in an Xiap-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 9 447-464 PMID: 31756561

James R et al (2019) Cardiomyocyte functional screening: interrogating comparative electrophysiology of high-throughput model cell systems. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 317 C1256-C1267 PMID: 31577512

Guangming et al (2019) Excluding Oct4 from Yamanaka Cocktail Unleashes the Developmental Potential of iPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 25 737-753.e4 PMID: 31708402

Steven M et al (2019) Cardiac regeneration using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived biomaterial-free 3D-bioprinted cardiac patch in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 13 2031-2039 PMID: 31408915

Kumi et al (2019) Engineering of human cardiac muscle electromechanically matured to an adult-like phenotype. Nat Protoc 14 2781-2817 PMID: 31492957

Sebastian et al (2019) Development of MAP4 Kinase Inhibitors as Motor Neuron-Protecting Agents. Cell Chem Biol 26 1703-1715.e37 PMID: 31676236

Peidong et al (2019) Canonical Wnt5b Signaling Directs Outlying Nkx2.5+ Mesoderm into Pacemaker Cardiomyocytes. Dev Cell 50 729-743.e5 PMID: 31402282

Matthew W et al (2019) GSK3 regulates hair cell fate in the developing mammalian cochlea. Dev Biol 453 191-205 PMID: 31185200

Marc et al (2019) Human SNORA31 variations impair cortical neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 and underlie herpes simplex encephalitis. Nat Med 25 1873-1884 PMID: 31806906

Martín I et al (2019) Human neural crest induction by temporal modulation of WNT activation. Dev Biol 449 99-106 PMID: 30826399

Thomas C et al (2019) Direct Reprogramming of Human Neurons Identifies MARCKSL1 as a Pathogenic Mediator of Valproic Acid-Induced Teratogenicity. Cell Stem Cell 25 103-119.e6 PMID: 31155484

Josef M et al (2019) Generation of blood vessel organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 3082-3100 PMID: 31554955

Pentao et al (2019) In vitro establishment of expanded-potential stem cells from mouse pre-implantation embryos or embryonic stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 350-378 PMID: 30617351

Sommer et al (2018) Th17 lymphocytes induce neuronal cell death in a human iPSC-based model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Stem Cell 23 123 PMID: 29979986

Rajamani et al (2018) Super-Obese Patient-Derived iPSC Hypothalamic Neurons Exhibit Obesogenic Signatures and Hormone Responses. Cell Stem Cell 22 698 PMID: 29681516

Lynch et al (2018) Submucosal Gland Myoepithelial Cells Are Reserve Stem Cells That Can Regenerate Mouse Tracheal Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 22 653 PMID: 29656941

Pham et al (2018) Generation of human vascularized brain organoids. Neuroreport 29 588 PMID: 29570159

McCauley et al (2018) Derivation of Epithelial-Only Airway Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol 45 e51 PMID: 30040246

Tumelty et al (2018) Identification of direct negative cross-talk between the SLIT2 and bone morphogenetic protein-Gremlin signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 293 3039 PMID: 29317497

Chal et al (2016) Generation of human muscle fibers and satellite-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Nat.Protoc. 11 1833 PMID: 27583644

Carissa et al (2020) Potently Cytotoxic Natural Killer Cells Initially Emerge from Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors during Mammalian Development. Dev Cell 53 229-239.e7 PMID: 32197069

Maija L et al (2020) Elevated de novo protein synthesis in FMRP-deficient human neurons and its correction by metformin treatment. Mol Autism 11 41 PMID: 32460900

Minhyung et al (2020) Neuroprotective Effects of Cryptotanshinone in a Direct Reprogramming Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 25 PMID: 32784741

Janghwan et al (2020) The combination of forskolin and VPA increases gene expression efficiency to the hypoxia/neuron-specific system. Ann Transl Med 8 933 PMID: 32953733

Lee J et al (2020) Human Motor Neurons With SOD1-G93A Mutation Generated From CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-Edited iPSCs Develop Pathological Features of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 14 604171 PMID: 33328898

Micha et al (2020) Nucleus size and DNA accessibility are linked to the regulation of paraspeckle formation in cellular differentiation. BMC Biol 18 42 PMID: 32321486

Chan Young et al (2020) Robust and Reproducible Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells by Defined Factors. Int J Stem Cells 13 80-92 PMID: 32114739

Joshua M et al (2020) A novel cardiomyogenic role for Isl1+ neural crest cells in the inflow tract. Sci Adv 6 PMID: 33268364

Mustafa K et al (2020) Disrupted ER membrane protein complex-mediated topogenesis drives congenital neural crest defects. J Clin Invest 130 813-826 PMID: 31904590

Yu-Hwai et al (2020) Differentiation of Human Intestinal Organoids with Endogenous Vascular Endothelial Cells. Dev Cell 54 516-528.e7 PMID: 32841595

Jianming et al (2020) Human Bocavirus 1 Infection of Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelium. Curr Protoc Microbiol 58 e107 PMID: 32639683

Steven C et al (2020) Mapping the Effects of Genetic Variation on Chromatin State and Gene Expression Reveals Loci That Control Ground State Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 27 459-469.e8 PMID: 32795400

Vijay Pratap et al (2020) Persistent DNA Damage and Senescence in the Placenta Impacts Developmental Outcomes of Embryos. Dev Cell 54 333-347.e7 PMID: 32800293

Andrew et al (2020) Organoids Model Transcriptional Hallmarks of Oncogenic KRAS Activation in Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells. Cell Stem Cell 27 663-678.e8 PMID: 32891189

Igor I et al (2020) Generation of T cells from Human and Nonhuman Primate Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bio Protoc 10 e3675 PMID: 33659345

Mou et al (2016) Dual SMAD Signaling Inhibition Enables Long-Term Expansion of Diverse Epithelial Basal Cells Cell: Stem Cell 19 217 PMID: 27320041

Lu et al (2016) Generation of serotonin neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 34 89 PMID: 26655496

Capowski et al (2016) Regulation of WNT Signaling by VSX2 During Optic Vesicle Patterning in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 34 2625 PMID: 27301076

Zimmerlin et al (2016) Tankyrase inhibition promotes a stable human naïve pluripotent state with improved functionality. Development 143 4368 PMID: 27660325

Lin et al (2016) HP Promotes Cardiac Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Chemically Defined Albumin-Free Medium, Enabling Consistent Manufacture of Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med PMID: 27591141

Shelton et al (2014) Derivation and expansion of PAX7-positive muscle progenitors from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. Dis Model Mech 3 516 PMID: 25241748

Wu et al (2014) A novel suppressive effect of alcohol dehydrogenase 5 in neuronal differentiation. Stem Cell Res 289 20193 PMID: 24895131

Skelton et al (2014) SIRPA, VCAM1 and CD34 identify discrete lineages during early human cardiovascular development. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13 172 PMID: 24968096

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Reviews for CHIR 99021

Average Rating: 4.9 (Based on 16 Reviews.)

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IPS culture.
By Murali K Yanda on 09/27/2022
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ips

Mouse ips cells culture with 2i media.

review image
2i medium culture.
By Yu Chen on 07/11/2022
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ESC

ESC 2i medium culture; 3 uM

review image
ESC culture.
By Xiaoyu Zhang on 11/23/2021
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ESC

In vitro cell culture addition. The image shows the morphology of ESC colonies after conversion using the treatment condition. This condition supported the conversion and long-term maintenance of dome-shaped ESCs from primed ESCs.

review image
Differentiation to cartilage.
By Julieta O'Flaherty on 12/08/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: iPSCs

I used at 3uM to generate cartilage from iPSCs, worked really well. Keep at -80C for long term storage

review image
Kidney organoids.
By Kirsty Rooney on 11/21/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: MAN13 hESCs

I use 8uM of CHIR to differentiate hESCs to intermediate mesoderm and then to kidney organoids

review image
Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.
By Paul Humphreys on 11/20/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: hPSCs

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards mesoderm lineages. Used at concentration of 3uM. Very effective in induction of mesoderm markers.

Perform titration against your cell line to optimise correct concentration.

review image
iPSC differentiation.
By Stephanie Hsiao on 10/13/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: iPSC

Differentiation of human iPSCs into hematopoietic progenitor cells.

iPSC culture medium supplemented with 4 uM of CHIR99021.

review image
It worked good.
By Anonymous on 07/04/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: iPSC

Reprogramming media comprises of 3 μM CHIR99021 and 0.5 μM A-83-01.

The cells were then maintained in RM 15 days with fresh media every other day

PMID: 29681516
review image
For maintenance of stem cells pluripotency.
By Anonymous on 06/25/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: Neural Stem Cells

For directed differentiation to neural, cells are treated with GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021 to induce canonical WNT signaling. This product gave me reproducible results.

It's better to aliquot and keep it at -80°C for long term storage.

PMID: 27133794
review image
Works as intended..
By Anonymous on 04/04/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Rat
Cell Line/Tissue: Sprague-Dawley rats primary neuronal

10 μM for 2 h

PMID: 31291571 Reference
review image
Differentiation of human dopaminergic neurons from stem cells.
By Anonymous on 02/17/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: Stem Cells

Used this product routinely to differentiate dopaminergic neurons from human stem cells.

review image
The hiPSCs were maintained with Essential 8 Flex Medium with CHIR 99021.
By Anonymous on 02/08/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: ipsc

1.4 μM

PMID: 29939162
review image
All iPSC lines and R1 mouse ES cells were maintained on feeders in KO-DMEM (Invitrogen) with 3 mM CHIR99021, and 1 mM PD0325901..
By Anonymous on 12/04/2019
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ipsc

All iPSC lines and R1 mouse ES cells were maintained on feeders in KO-DMEM (Invitrogen) with 3 mM CHIR99021, and 1 mM PD0325901.

PMID: 29358044
review image
works great for Wnt activation.
By avinash waghray on 08/08/2019
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human

In Tissue culture for growing basal cells

PMID: 27320041
Check the maintenance of naive pluripotency in 2i.
By Megha PB on 07/18/2018
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: E14TG2a

Culture mouse ES cells in 2i media and without 2i to assess differentiation. Only the cells in 2i are pluripotent while mES cells cultured in -2i for 48 hours exit naive pluripotency.

review image
reliable product.
By Pinyuan Tian on 07/05/2018
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: pluripotent stem cells

For directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to kidney organoids, cells are treated with GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021 to induce canonical WNT signaling. CHIR99021 concentration and differentiation time period are the key factors for this protocol. I found this product gave me reproducible results.

Although the datasheet says store at -20°C, it's better to aliquot and keep it at -80°C for long term storage.

review image

Literature in this Area

Tocris offers the following scientific literature in this area to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!

*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.

Stem Cell Research Product Guide

Stem Cell Research Product Guide

This product guide provides a background to the use of small molecules in stem cell research and lists over 200 products for use in:

  • Self-renewal and Maintenance
  • Differentiation
  • Reprogramming
  • Organoid Generation
  • GMP and Ancillary Material Grade Products
Stem Cells Scientific Review

Stem Cells Scientific Review

Written by Kirsty E. Clarke, Victoria B. Christie, Andy Whiting and Stefan A. Przyborski, this review provides an overview of the use of small molecules in the control of stem cell growth and differentiation. Key signaling pathways are highlighted, and the regulation of ES cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming is discussed. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.

Alzheimer's Disease Poster

Alzheimer's Disease Poster

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, affecting approximately 30% of individuals aged over 85 years. This poster summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD.

Stem Cells Poster

Stem Cells Poster

Written by Rebecca Quelch and Stefan Przyborski from Durham University (UK), this poster describes the isolation of pluripotent stem cells, their maintenance in culture, differentiation, and the generation and potential uses of organoids.

Pathways for CHIR 99021

Wnt Signaling Pathway

Wnt Signaling Pathway

The Wnt pathway is involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation in adult tissues and also during embryogenesis. Disturbances within the pathway may lead to the formation of tumors and promote metastasis.