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Discontinued Product
3221 has been discontinued.
View all Nicotinic Receptors (Non-selective) products.
Description: Orthosteric neuronal nAChR antagonist
Chemical Name: 1,1'-(1,12-Dodecanediyl)bis[3-methylpyridinium] dibromide
Purity: ≥98% (HPLC)
Biological Activity for bPiDDB
bPiDDB is an orthosteric neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (IC50 values are 0.17, 0.25, 0.4, 4.8, 6.5, 8.2, 20 and 34 μM at α3β4, α1β1εδ, α3β4β3, α6β4β3, α7, α4β2, α3β2β3 and α6/3β2β3 receptors respectively). Attenuates nicotine-evoked dopamine release from the ventral tegmental area in vivo (IC50 = 0.2 nM) and reduces nicotine self-administration in rats. Brain penetrant.
Technical Data for bPiDDB
| M. Wt | 514.38 |
| Formula | C24H38Br2N2 |
| Storage | Desiccate at RT |
| Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 525596-66-1 |
| PubChem ID | 9983961 |
| InChI Key | NNPBJCAIRCFEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
| Smiles | CC1=CC=C[N+](CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]2=CC(C)=CC=C2)=C1.[Br-].[Br-] |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Product Datasheets for bPiDDB
References for bPiDDB
References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.
Dwoskin et al (2008) N,N'alkane-diyl-bis-3-picoliniums as nicotinic receptor antagonists: Inhibition of nicotine-evoked DA release and hyperactivity. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 326 563 PMID: 18460644
Rahman et al (2008) Region-specific effects of the N,N'-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide on nicotine-induced increase in extracellular DA in vivo. Br.J.Pharmacol. 153 792 PMID: 18059317
Ayers et al (2002) Bis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium analogues: ligands for α4β2* and β7* subtypes of neuronal nicotinic receptors Bioorg.Med.Chem.Letts. 12 3067
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Keywords: bPiDDB, bPiDDB supplier, bPiDDB, nicotinic, acetylcholine, receptors, nachrs, orthosteric, antagonists, a3b4, alpha3beta4, α3β4, brain, penetrant, Nicotinic, Receptors, (Non-selective), 3221, Tocris Bioscience
1 Citation for bPiDDB
Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for bPiDDB include:
Holt et al (2015) Pharmacologically distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors drive efferent-mediated excitation in calyx-bearing vestibular afferents. J Cell Biol 35 3625 PMID: 25716861
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Literature in this Area
Tocris offers the following scientific literature in this area to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!
*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.
Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review
Updated in 2014, this review by Sue Wonnacott summarizes the diverse structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and gives an in-depth review of the ligands available for nAChR research. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.