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Submit ReviewExendin-3 (9-39) amide
Description: Potent GLP-1 receptor antagonist
Purity: ≥95% (HPLC)
Biological Activity for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
Exendin-3 (9-39) amide is a potent and selective GLP-1 receptor antagonist (Kd = 1.7 nM at cloned human GLP-1 receptors). Inhibits cAMP production and insulin release induced by GLP-1 (7-36), exendin-3 (IC50 = 20 nM) and exendin-4. Blocks the inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on food intake in rats.
Technical Data for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
| M. Wt | 3369.79 |
| Formula | C149H234N40O47S |
| Sequence |
DLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS (Modifications: Ser-31 = C-terminal amide) |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Purity | ≥95% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 133514-43-9 |
| PubChem ID | 16198321 |
| InChI Key | WSEVKKHALHSUMB-MVNVRWBSSA-N |
| Smiles | [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(N)=O |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Solubility Data for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
| Solubility | Soluble to 1 mg/ml in water |
Product Datasheets for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
References for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.
Raufman et al (1991) Exendin-3, a novel peptide from the Heloderma horridum venom, interacts with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors and a newly described receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. J.Biol.Chem. 266 2897 PMID: 1704369
Goke et al (1993) Exendin-4 is a high potency agonist and truncated exendin-(9-39)-amide an antagonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36)-amide receptor of Ins-Secr.g β-cells. J.Biol.Chem. 268 19650 PMID: 8396143
Thorens et al (1993) Cloning and functional expression of the human islet GLP-1 receptor. Demonstration that exendin-4 is an agonist and exendin-(9-39) an antagonist of the receptor. Diabetes 42 1678 PMID: 8405712
Turton et al (1996) A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 379 69 PMID: 8538742
If you know of a relevant reference for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide, please let us know.
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Keywords: Exendin-3 (9-39) amide, Exendin-3 (9-39) amide supplier, Potent, GLP-1, receptor, antagonists, Receptors, Glucagon-Like, Peptide, 1, 2081, Tocris Bioscience
5 Citations for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide include:
Gaitonde et al (2012) The role of the gut hormone GLP-1 in the metabolic improvements caused by ileal transposition. J Surg Res 178 33 PMID: 22929182
Maniscalco et al (2015) Negative Energy Balance Blocks Neural and Behavioral Responses to Acute Stress by " Silencing" Central Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling in Rats. Emerg Microbes Infect 35 10701 PMID: 26224855
Vallof et al (2019) Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors within the nucleus of the solitary tract regulate alcohol-mediated behaviors in rodents. Neuropharmacology
Tuesta (2017) GLP-1 acts on habenular avoidance circuits to control nicotine intake. Nat Neurosci 20 708 PMID: 28368384
Bauer et al (2018) Lactobacillus gasseri in the Upper Small Intestine Impacts an ACSL3-Dependent Fatty Acid-Sensing Pathway Regulating Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis. Cell Metab 27 572 PMID: 29514066
Do you know of a great paper that uses Exendin-3 (9-39) amide from Tocris? Please let us know.
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Literature in this Area
Tocris offers the following scientific literature in this area to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!
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Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation Scientific Review
Written by Sonia Tucci, Lynsay Kobelis and Tim Kirkham, this review provides a synopsis of the increasing number of peptides that have been implicated in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis; putative roles of the major peptides are outlined and compounds available from Tocris are listed.