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Submit Reviewα-Bungarotoxin
Description: Selective α7 nAChR antagonist
Alternative Names: α-Bgtx,α-BuTX
Purity: ≥98% (HPLC)
Biological Activity for α-Bungarotoxin
α-Bungarotoxin is a neurotoxin that blocks neuromuscular transmission via irreversible inhibition of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). Prevents opening of nicotinic receptor-associated ion channels and is selective for α7 receptors over α3β4 receptors (IC50 values are 1.6 nM and > 3 μM respectively).
Technical Data for α-Bungarotoxin
| M. Wt | 7984.14 |
| Formula | C338H529N97O105S11 |
| Sequence |
IVCHTTATSPISAVTCPPGENLCYRKMWCDAFCSSRGKVVELGCAATCPSKKPYEEVTCCSTDKCNPHPKQRPG (Modifications: Disulfide bridges: 3-23, 16-44, 29-33, 48-59, 60-65) |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 11032-79-4 |
| PubChem ID | 90488742 |
| InChI Key | NTCJKZSYQTZRQE-CSMGIIAWSA-N |
| Smiles | [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@@H]2NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CNC5=C4C=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(O)C=C4)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N3)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(O)C=C3)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C2=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC2=O)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC=N2)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)NCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC=N2)NC1=O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Solubility Data for α-Bungarotoxin
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
Product Datasheets for α-Bungarotoxin
References for α-Bungarotoxin
References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.
Zhang et al (1994) Neuronal acetylcholine receptors that bind α-bungarotoxin with high affinity function as ligand-gated ion channels. Neuron 12 167 PMID: 7507338
Lopez et al (1998) Unmasking the functions of the chromaffin cell α7 nicotinic receptor by using short pulses of acetylcholine and selective blockers. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95 14184
If you know of a relevant reference for α-Bungarotoxin, please let us know.
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Keywords: alpha-Bungarotoxin, alpha-Bungarotoxin supplier, α7, alpha7, a7, subtype-selective, nAChR, antagonists, Nicotinic, Receptors, Acetylcholine, α-Bungarotoxin, alpha-Bungarotoxin, neurotoxins, Bungarotoxin, alpha-Bgtx, alpha-BuTX, venoms, a-Bgtx, a-BuTX, (a7), 2133, Tocris Bioscience
28 Citations for α-Bungarotoxin
Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for α-Bungarotoxin include:
Morris et al (2018) Developmental nicotine exposure affects larval brain size and the adult dopaminergic system of Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Dev Biol 18 13 PMID: 29898654
Zimmermann et al (2018) Zebrafish Differentially Process Color across Visual Space to Match Natural Scenes. Curr Biol 28 2018 PMID: 29937350
Noviello et al (2021) Structure and gating mechanism of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Cell 184 2121 PMID: 33735609
Cortes et al (2017) α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling modulates the inflammatory phenotype of fetal brain microglia: first evidence of interference by iron homeostasis. Sci Rep 7 10645 PMID: 28878260
Macpherson et al (2014) The α 7 nicotinic receptor agonist PHA-543613 hydrochloride inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced expression of interleukin-8 by oral keratinocytes. J Neurosci 63 557 PMID: 24609617
Durham et al (2019) Direct Effects of Nicotine Exposure on Murine Calvaria and Calvarial Cells. Sci Rep 9 3805 PMID: 30846819
Krais et al (2011) CHRNA5 as negative regulator of nicotine signaling in normal and cancer bronchial cells: effects on motility, migration and p63 expression. Carcinogenesis 32 1388 PMID: 21586512
Miyamoto et al (2016) Increasing the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EphB2 Prevents Amyloid-β-induced Depletion of Cell Surface Glutamate Receptors by a Mechanism That Requires the PDZ-binding Motif of EphB2 and Neuronal Activity. J Neurosci 291 1719 PMID: 26589795
Bryant et al (2015) Cholinergic control of γ power in the midbrain spatial attention network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 35 761 PMID: 25589769
Spurny et al (2015) Molecular blueprint of allosteric binding sites in a homologue of the agonist-binding domain of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Neuropharmacology 112 E2543 PMID: 25918415
Chatzidaki et al (2015) The influence of allosteric modulators and transmembrane mutations on desensitisation and activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PLoS One 97 75 PMID: 25998276
Cao et al (2019) α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Modulates Ovine Fetal Brain Astrocytes Transcriptome in Response to Endotoxin. Front Immunol 10 1063 PMID: 31143190
Zhang et al (2019) Müller Glial Cells Participate in Retinal Waves via Glutamate Transporters and AMPA Receptors. Cell Rep 27 2871 PMID: 31167134
Zhu et al (2011) Skeletal muscle IP3R1 receptors amplify physiological and pathological synaptic calcium signals. J Neurosci 31 15269 PMID: 22031873
Sun et al (2009) Rosiglitazone inhibits alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in human lung carcinoma cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent signals. Mol Cancer Ther 8 110 PMID: 19139119
Gill-Thind et al (2015) Structurally similar allosteric modulators of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors exhibit five distinct pharmacological effects. J Biol Chem 290 3552 PMID: 25516597
Singh et al (2015) NE is required to promote wakefulness and for hypocretin-induced arousal in zebrafish. Elife 4 PMID: 26374985
Mauss et al (2014) Optogenetic and pharmacologic dissection of feedforward inhibition in Drosophila motion vision. J Neurosci 34 2254 PMID: 24501364
Demarque and Spitzer (2010) Activity-dependent expression of Lmx1b regulates specification of serotonergic neurons modulating swimming behavior. Neuron 67 321 PMID: 20670838
Bader and Diener (2015) Novel aspects of cholinergic regulation of colonic ion transport. J Biol Chem 3 e00139 PMID: 26236483
Li (2015) Selective Gating of Neuronal Activity by Intrinsic Properties in Distinct Motor Rhythms. Neurotherapeutics 35 9799 PMID: 26156983
Ślimak et al (2014) Habenular expression of rare missense variants of the β4 nicotinic receptor subunit alters nicotine consumption. Front Hum Neurosci 8 12 PMID: 24478678
Zhong et al (2013) Nicotine elicits prolonged calcium signaling along ventral hippocampal axons. Pharmacol Res Perspect 8 e82719 PMID: 24349346
Némethova et al (2013) Nicotine attenuates activation of tissue resident macrophages in the mouse stomach through the β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Inflamm Res 8 e79264 PMID: 24223920
Sala et al (2013) CC4, a dimer of cytisine, is a selective partial agonist at α4β2/α6β2 nAChR with improved selectivity for tobacco smoking cessation. Br J Pharmacol 168 835 PMID: 22957729
Kamynina et al (2013) Acetylcholine and antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor protect neurons and astrocytes against beta-amyloid toxicity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 45 899 PMID: 23353645
Moult et al (2013) Fast silencing reveals a lost role for reciprocal inhibition in locomotion. Neuron 77 129 PMID: 23312521
Garção et al (2013) Functional interaction between pre-synaptic α6β2-containing nicotinic and adenosine A2A receptors in the control of DA release in the rat striatum. Br J Pharmacol 169 1600 PMID: 23638679
Do you know of a great paper that uses α-Bungarotoxin from Tocris? Please let us know.
Reviews for α-Bungarotoxin
Average Rating: 4 (Based on 1 Review.)
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Neuromuscular junction.
By
Karthik Krishnamurthy on 08/03/2021
Species: Rat
Cell Line/Tissue: Neuromuscular junction co-cultures
Motor neuron induced muscle contraction inhibited in co-cultures of motor neurons and muscle cells at concentration of 10 micromolar.
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