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Submit ReviewGTS 21 dihydrochloride
Discontinued Product
4557 has been discontinued.
Description: α7 nAChR partial agonist
Alternative Names: DMXBA
Chemical Name: 3-[(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine dihydrochloride
Purity: ≥98% (HPLC)
Biological Activity for GTS 21 dihydrochloride
GTS 21 dihydrochloride is a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs); also a weak α4β2 and 5-HT3 antagonist at micromolar concentrations. Exhibits improved sensory inhibition in DBA/2 mice following both acute and chronic administration. Also shown to improve memory in several animal models; facilitates hippocampal long-term potentiation. Also has anti-inflammatory effects independent of α7 nAChRs.
Technical Data for GTS 21 dihydrochloride
| M. Wt | 381.3 |
| Formula | C19H20N2O2.2HCl |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 156223-05-1 |
| PubChem ID | 122225 |
| InChI Key | BXKYFUGAAFLYJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Smiles | COC(C=C3OC)=CC=C3\C=C1C(C2=CC=CN=C2)=NCCC/1.Cl.Cl |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Product Datasheets for GTS 21 dihydrochloride
References for GTS 21 dihydrochloride
References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.
Stevens et al (2010) Continuous administration of a selective alpha7 nicotinic partial agonist, DMXBA, improves sensory inhibition without causing tachyphylaxis or receptor upregulation in DBA/2 mice. Brain.Res. 1352 140 PMID: 20599427
Meyer et al (1994) Effects of anabaseine-related analogs on rat brain nicotinic receptor binding and on avoidance behaviors. Drug Dev.Res. 31 127
Olincy et al (2012) Nicotinic mechanisms in the treatment of psychotic disorders: a focus on the a7 nicotinic receptor. Handb.Exp.Pharmacol. 213 211 PMID: 23027417
Garg and Loring et al (2019) GTS-21 has cell-specific anti-inflammatory effects independent of a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PLoS One 14 e0214942 PMID: 30947238
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Citations for GTS 21 dihydrochloride
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Literature in this Area
Tocris offers the following scientific literature in this area to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!
*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.
Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review
Updated in 2014, this review by Sue Wonnacott summarizes the diverse structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and gives an in-depth review of the ligands available for nAChR research. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.
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