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Description: Selective NMDA agonist
Chemical Name: N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid
Purity: ≥99% (HPLC)
Biological Activity for NMDA
NMDA is a prototypic NMDA receptor agonist.
Caged version also available (Cat. No 2224).
Technical Data for NMDA
| M. Wt | 147.13 |
| Formula | C5H9NO4 |
| Storage | Store at RT |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 6384-92-5 |
| PubChem ID | 4376 |
| InChI Key | HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Smiles | O=C(C(NC)CC(=O)O)O |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Solubility Data for NMDA
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| water | 14.71 | 100 |
Preparing Stock Solutions for NMDA
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 147.13. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 6.8 mL | 33.98 mL | 67.97 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.36 mL | 6.8 mL | 13.59 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.68 mL | 3.4 mL | 6.8 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.14 mL | 0.68 mL | 1.36 mL |
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Product Datasheets for NMDA
References for NMDA
References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.
Watkins and Evans (1981) Excitatory amino acid transmitters. Annu.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol. 21 165 PMID: 6112965
Watkins (1978) Excitatory amino acids. Kainic acid as a Tool in Neurobiology. Edited by E 37
If you know of a relevant reference for NMDA, please let us know.
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Keywords: NMDA, NMDA supplier, Selective, NMDA, agonists, Glutamate, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, iGluR, Ionotropic, 0114, Tocris Bioscience
91 Citations for NMDA
Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for NMDA include:
Lim et al (2018) Neuronal Activity-Dependent Activation of Astroglial Calcineurin in Mouse Primary Hippocampal Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 19 PMID: 30274399
Rodríguez-Muñoz et al (2018) Fenfluramine diminishes NMDA receptor-mediated seizures via its mixed activity at serotonin 5HT2A and type 1 sigma receptors. Oncotarget 9 23373 PMID: 29805740
Rodríguez-Muñoz et al (2018) Cannabidiol enhances MOR antinociception, diminishes NMDA-mediated seizures and reduces stroke damage via the sigma 1 receptor. Mol Brain 11 51 PMID: 30223868
Siddoway et al (2013) An essential role for inhibitor-2 regulation of protein phosphatase-1 in synaptic scaling. J Neurosci 33 11206 PMID: 23825423
Pooler et al (2013) Physiological release of endogenous tau is stimulated by neuronal activity. EMBO Rep 14 389 PMID: 23412472
Ali (2011) CB1 modulation of temporally distinct synaptic facilitation among local circuit interneurons mediated by N-type calcium channels in CA1. J Neurophysiol 105 1051 PMID: 21123660
Yang et al (2011) SynGAP moves out of the core of the postsynaptic density upon depolarization. Neuroscience 192 132 PMID: 21736925
Li et al (2011) Soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor inhibits neurotoxicity of LPS-activated macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 8 15 PMID: 21324129
Fontainhas et al (2011) Microglial morphology and dynamic behavior is regulated by ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. PLoS One 6 e15973 PMID: 21283568
Meissirel et al (2011) VEGF modulates NMDA receptors activity in cerebellar granule cells through Src-family kinases before synapse formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 13782 PMID: 21804034
Wang and Green (2011) Functional role of neurotrophin-3 in synapse regeneration by spiral ganglion neurons on inner hair cells after excitotoxic trauma in vitro. J Neurosci 31 7938 PMID: 21613508
Lee et al (2014) Long-term depression-inducing stimuli promote cleavage of the synaptic adhesion molecule NGL-3 through NMDA receptors, matrix metalloproteinases and presenilin/γ-secretase. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369 20130158 PMID: 24298159
Thein et al (2014) CaMKII mediates recruitment and activation of the deubiquitinase CYLD at the postsynaptic density. PLoS One 9 e91312 PMID: 24614225
An et al (2014) Neuritin can normalize neural deficits of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 5 e1523 PMID: 25393479
Chen et al (2014) Presynaptic GABAergic inhibition regulated by BDNF contributes to neuropathic pain induction. Nat Commun 5 5331 PMID: 25354791
Thein et al (2014) IKK regulates the deubiquitinase CYLD at the postsynaptic density. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 450 550 PMID: 24928390
Aligny et al (2014) KA alters cortical integration of GABAergic interneurons and induces long-term sex-dependent impairments in transgenic Gad67-GFP mice. Cell Death Dis 5 e1311 PMID: 24991763
Hsu et al (2014) STAT1 negatively regulates spatial memory formation and mediates the memory-impairing effect of Aβ. Neuropsychopharmacology 39 746 PMID: 24081304
Kung et al (2013) Evidence for glutamate as a neuroglial transmitter within sensory ganglia. PLoS One 8 e68312 PMID: 23844184
Pigott et al (2013) On the selectivity of neuronal NOS inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 168 1255 PMID: 23072468
Vicente-Sánchez et al (2013) HINT1 protein cooperates with cannabinoid 1 receptor to negatively regulate glutamate NMDA receptor activity. Mol Brain 6 42 PMID: 24093505
Tupone et al (2013) Central activation of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) induces a hypothermic, torpor-like state in the rat. J Neurosci 33 14512 PMID: 24005302
Yang et al (2013) Camkii-mediated phosphorylation regulates distributions of Syngap-α1 and -α2 at the postsynaptic density. PLoS One 8 e71795 PMID: 23967245
Selvakumar et al (2013) S-nitrosylation of AMPA receptor GluA1 regulates phosphorylation, single-channel conductance, and endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110 1077 PMID: 23277581
Citri et al (2009) N-MthD.-aspartate receptor- and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression are differentially regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Eur J Neurosci 30 1443 PMID: 19821836
Wayman et al (2008) An activity-regulated microRNA controls dendritic plasticity by down-regulating p250GAP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 9093 PMID: 18577589
Furness et al (2008) A quantitative assessment of glutamate uptake into hippocampal synaptic terminals and astrocytes: new insights into a neuronal role for excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2). Neuroscience 157 80 PMID: 18805467
Iwasato et al (2008) Cortical adenylyl cyclase 1 is required for thalamocortical synapse maturation and aspects of layer IV barrel development. J Neurosci 28 5931 PMID: 18524897
Spitzer et al (2019) Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Become Regionally Diverse and Heterogeneous with Age. Neuron 101 459 PMID: 30654924
Antoniou et al (2014) PICK1 links Argonaute 2 to endosomes in neuronal dendrites and regulates miRNA activity. EMBO Rep 15 548 PMID: 24723684
Sánchez-Blázquez et al (2014) The calcium-sensitive σ-1 receptor prevents cannabinoids from provoking glutamate NMDA receptor hypofunction: implications in antinociception and psychotic diseases. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 17 1943 PMID: 24485144
Roselli et al (2009) Disassembly of shank and homer synaptic clusters is driven by soluble beta-amyloid(1-40) through divergent NMDAR-dependent signalling pathways. PLoS One 4 e6011 PMID: 19547699
Sharifi (2017) The major neurotransmitter systems in the basolateral amygdala and the ventral tegmental areamediate morphine-induced memory consolidation impairment. Neuroscience 353 7 PMID: 28412500
Grosso et al (2015) The higher order auditory cortex is involved in the assignment of affective value to sensory stimuli. Nat Commun 6 8886 PMID: 26619940
Rodríguez-Muñoz et al (2015) The ON:OFF switch, σ1R-HINT1 protein, controls GPCR-NMDA receptor cross-regulation: implications in neurological disorders. Oncotarget 6 35458 PMID: 26461475
Curcio et al (2015) Brain ischemia downregulates the neuroprotective GDNF-Ret signaling by a calpain-dependent mechanism in cultured hippocampal neurons. Cell Death Dis 6 e1645 PMID: 25675305
Garthwaite et al (2015) Nitric oxide targets oligodendrocytes and promotes their morphological differentiation. Glia 63 383 PMID: 25327839
Eckel et al (2015) Activation of calcineurin underlies altered trafficking of α2 subunit containing GABAA receptors during prolonged epileptiform activity. Neuropharmacology 88 82 PMID: 25245802
Bell et al (2015) Neuronal development is promoted by weakened intrinsic antioxidant defences due to epigenetic repression of Nrf2. Nat Commun 6 7066 PMID: 25967870
Bertrand et al (2015) Conformations of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) orchestrate neuronal survival by a crosstalk between EGFR and NMDAR. Cell Death Dis 6 e1924 PMID: 26469972
Iskandrani et al (2015) Impact of subanesthetic doses of KA on AMPA-mediated responses in rats: An in vivo electrophysiological study on monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurons. J Psychopharmacol 29 792 PMID: 25759403
Beard et al (2012) Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 mediates phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin and nuclear localization of β-catenin in response to homocysteine. Vascul Pharmacol 56 159 PMID: 22285407
Cortés-Montero et al (2019) The axonal motor neuropathy-related HINT1 protein is a zinc- and calmodulin-regulated cysteine SUMO protease. Antioxid Redox Signal PMID: 31088288
Rojas et al (2013) Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors potentiates heteromeric kainate receptors. Mol Pharmacol 83 106 PMID: 23066089
Fairless et al (2013) Membrane potential measurements of isolated neurons using a voltage-sensitive dye. PLoS One 8 e58260 PMID: 23516458
Citri et al (2010) Calcium binding to PICK1 is essential for the intracellular retention of AMPA receptors underlying long-term depression. J Neurosci 30 16437 PMID: 21147983
McIver et al (2019) Maladaptive Downregulation of Autonomous Subthalamic Nucleus Activity following the Loss of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons. Cell Rep 28 992 PMID: 31340159
Lozovaya et al (2018) GABAergic inhibition in dual-transmission cholinergic and GABAergic striatal interneurons is abolished in Parkinson disease. Nat Commun 9 1422 PMID: 29651049
O'Donnell et al (2016) Transient Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation Causes a Delayed Loss of Mitochondria and Increases Spontaneous Calcium Signaling in Astrocytic Processes. J Neurosci 36 7109 PMID: 27383588
Pigott and Garthwaite (2016) Nitric Oxide Is Required for L-Type Ca(2+) Channel-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus. Front Synaptic Neurosci 8 17 PMID: 27445786
Fan et al (2014) Rapid and reversible knockdown of endogenous proteins by peptide-directed lysosomal degradation. Nat Neurosci 17 471 PMID: 24464042
Owaisat et al (2012) In vivo comparison of harmine efficacy against psychostimulants: preferential inhibition of the cocaine response through a glutamatergic mechanism. Neurosci Lett 525 12 PMID: 22877698
Hedegaard et al (2012) Molecular pharmacology of human NMDA receptors. Neurochem Int 61 601 PMID: 22197913
Huang et al (2012) Glutamate may be an efferent transmitter that elicits inhibition in mouse taste buds. PLoS One 7 e30662 PMID: 22292013
Rodríguez-Muñoz et al (2012) The mu-opioid receptor and the NMDA receptor associate in PAG neurons: implications in pain control. Neuropsychopharmacology 37 338 PMID: 21814188
Wang et al (2012) Reducing amyloid-related Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by a small molecule targeting filamin A. J Neurosci 32 9773 PMID: 22815492
Bahia et al (2012) Neuroprotective effects of phenolic antioxidant tBHQ associate with inhibition of FoxO3a nuclear translocation and activity. J Neurochem 123 182 PMID: 22804756
He et al (2012) Genetic deletion of TNF receptor suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission via reducing AMPA receptor synaptic localization in cortical neurons. FASEB J 26 334 PMID: 21982949
Tallarida et al (2012) Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inhibitor displays anti-glutamate and anti-cocaine effects in an invertebrate assay. Amino Acids 42 2521 PMID: 21850438
Cunningham et al (2012) Glissandi: transient fast electrocorticographic oscillations of steadily increasing frequency, explained by temporally increasing gap junction conductance. Epilepsia 53 1205 PMID: 22686654
Cassé et al (2012) Glutamate controls tPA recycling by astrocytes, which in turn influences glutamatergic signals. J Neurosci 32 5186 PMID: 22496564
Maier et al (2010) Sustained glutamate receptor activation down-regulates GABAB receptors by shifting the balance from recycling to lysosomal degradation. J Biol Chem 285 35606 PMID: 20826795
Marignier et al (2010) Oligodendrocytes are damaged by neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G via astrocyte injury. Brain 133 2578 PMID: 20688809
Baron et al (2010) NR2D-containing NMDA receptors mediate tissue plasminogen activator-promoted neuronal excitotoxicity. Cell Death Differ 17 860 PMID: 19911010
Reinhard et al (2016) The calcium sensor Copine-6 regulates spine structural plasticity and learning and memory. Nat Commun 7 11613 PMID: 27194588
Niwa et al (2012) Gephyrin-independent GABA(A)R mobility and clustering during plasticity. PLoS One 7 e36148 PMID: 22563445
Udagawa et al (2012) Bidirectional control of mRNA translation and synaptic plasticity by the cytoplasmic polyadenylation complex. Mol Cell 47 253 PMID: 22727665
Mahajan et al (2011) Exposure of neurons to excitotoxic levels of glutamate induces cleavage of the RNA editing enzyme, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2, and loss of GLUR2 editing. Neuroscience 189 305 PMID: 21620933
Lussier et al (2011) Activity-dependent ubiquitination of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2. J Neurosci 31 3077 PMID: 21414928
Pansiot et al (2010) Neuroprotective effect of inhaled nitric oxide on excitotoxic-induced brain damage in neonatal rat. PLoS One 5 e10916 PMID: 20532231
Lesne et al (2005) Akt-dependent expression of NAIP-1 protects neurons against amyloid-{beta} toxicity. J Biol Chem 280 24941 PMID: 15797869
Lea et al (2005) Neuroprotective activity of the mGluR5 antagonists MPEP and MTEP against acute excitotoxicity differs and does not reflect actions at mGluR5 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 145 527 PMID: 15821750
Nakayama et al (2005) Diminished neuronal activity increases neuron-neuron connectivity underlying silent synapse formation and the rapid conversion of silent to functional synapses. J Neurosci 25 4040 PMID: 15843606
Yang et al (2005) Behavioral stress enhances hippocampal CA1 long-term depression through the blockade of the glutamate uptake. J Neurosci 25 4288 PMID: 15858055
Srinivasan et al (2004) Cell type-specific interleukin-1beta signaling in the CNS. J Neurosci 24 6482 PMID: 15269258
Proudfoot et al (2006) Analgesia mediated by the TRPM8 cold receptor in chronic neuropathic pain. Curr Biol 16 1591 PMID: 16920620
Jiang et al (2006) Activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors attenuates rotenone toxicity on DArgic neurons through a microtubule-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci 26 4318 PMID: 16624952
Lenz and Avruch (2005) Glutamatergic regulation of the p70S6 kinase in primary mouse neurons. J Biol Chem 280 38121 PMID: 16183639
Davidkova and Carroll (2007) Characterization of the role of microtubule-associated protein 1B in metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated endocytosis of AMPA receptors in hippocampus. J Neurosci 27 13273 PMID: 18045921
Iida et al (2007) Synaptic scaffolding molecule alpha is a scaffold to mediate N-MthD.-aspartate receptor-dependent RhoA activation in dendrites. Mol Cell Biol 27 4388 PMID: 17438139
Holman et al (2007) Differential redistribution of native AMPA receptor complexes following LTD induction in acute hippocampal slices. Neuropharmacology 52 92 PMID: 16815481
Sossa et al (2007) AMPAR exocytosis through NO modulation of PICK1. Neuropharmacology 53 92 PMID: 17555774
Ziskin et al (2007) Vesicular release of glutamate from unmyelinated axons in white matter. Nat Neurosci 10 321 PMID: 17293857
Smith et al (2006) cAMP-dependent protein kinase postsynaptic localization regulated by NMDA receptor activation through translocation of an A-kinase anchoring protein scaffold protein. J Neurosci 26 2391 PMID: 16510716
Marsden et al (2007) NMDA receptor activation potentiates inhibitory transmission through GABA receptor-associated protein-dependent exocytosis of GABA(A) receptors. J Neurosci 27 14326 PMID: 18160640
Casado et al (2000) Presynaptic N-MthD.-aspartate receptors at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 11593 PMID: 11016958
O'Leary et al (2000) Selective mGluR5 antagonists MPEP and SIB-1893 decrease NMDA or glutamate-mediated neuronal toxicity through actions that reflect NMDA receptor antagonism. Br J Pharmacol 131 1429 PMID: 11090117
Rundfeldt (2000) Investigations into the mechanism of action of the new anticonvulsant retigabine. Interaction with GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and with voltage gated ion channels. Arzneimittelforschung 50 1063 PMID: 11190770
Fedele et al (1996) In vivo microdialysis study of a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase on the glutamate receptor/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway. Br J Pharmacol 119 590 PMID: 8894183
Kurata et al (2004) beta-OE, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate protect against N-MthD.-aspartate-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons by different mechanisms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 311 237 PMID: 15175425
Morante-Oria et al (2003) Subpallial origin of a population of projecting pioneer neurons during corticogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 12468 PMID: 14523241
Do you know of a great paper that uses NMDA from Tocris? Please let us know.
Reviews for NMDA
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NMDA to induce DSBs.
By
Xiaoyu Zhang on 06/23/2023
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: neuron cells
Neurons were treated with 1 mM NMDA, followed by IF staining for NMDA receptors (green) and DSBs (red).
Glutamate agonist.
By
Karthik Krishnamurthy on 08/03/2021
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Rat
Cell Line/Tissue: spinal cord neurons
For calcium imaging in motor neurons and other spinal neurons. 50 micromolar was used to stimulate neuronal cultures for 90 seconds. Time course of cytosolic calcium influx was measured using ratiometric calcium indicator Fura2-AM.
Great product.
By
Anonymous on 06/15/2020
Assay Type: In Vivo
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: neurons
25uM
reliable product.
By
Anonymous on 04/04/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Rat
Cell Line/Tissue: Sprague-Dawley rats primary neuronal
treat 50 μM NMDA for 10 min
Activation of NMDA receptors in outside-out patches.
By
Anonymous on 10/19/2019
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Rat
Cell Line/Tissue: Hippocampus
Mixture of 100 microM of glycine + 100 microM NMDA was used to evoke an NMDA receptor response without contamination from other glutamate receptors in outside-out patched excised from hippocampal neurons. NMDA displayed a clear agonist effect, as expected. Easily soluble, no problem if stored in frozen aliquots for more than half a year.
Should be used instead of glutamate for selective activation of NMDA receptors
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