Insulin Signaling Pathway
ERK ERK MEK
1/2 PP2A PKC Ras Raf Akt PDK PI3K Akt GSK3 PP1 Bad 14.3.3 p70
S6K mTOR IKK JNK Insulin
Receptor Protein
Synthesis Apoptosis
1/2 PP2A PKC Ras Raf Akt PDK PI3K Akt GSK3 PP1 Bad 14.3.3 p70
S6K mTOR IKK JNK Insulin
Receptor Protein
Synthesis Apoptosis
Signaling through the insulin pathway is very important for the regulation of glucose homeostasis. The hormone insulin is produced in response to nutrients within the blood and leads to the downstream uptake of glucose and synthesis of glycogen. Decreases in insulin receptor signaling may lead to insulin resistance, which can contribute towards the development of Type 2 diabetes.
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Signaling Pathway Key
Stimulates
Inhibits
Multistep Activation
Multistep Upregulation
Translocates
Kinase
Transcription Factor
Enzyme-linked Receptor
Other Enzyme
Other Protein
Proapoptotic
Phosphatase
Transporter
