Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors are a group of G-protein-coupled receptors that are currently divided into six subtypes: LPA₁, LPA₂, LPA₃, LPA₄, LPA₅ and LPA₆. They belong to a family of lysophospholipid receptors that include sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors.

Originally identified as members of the endothelial differentiation gene (edg) family, the gene names for the LPA receptors have recently been updated to LPAR1-LPAR3, with LPAR4-LPAR6 also having been updated to reflect their main physiological ligand, lysophosphatidic acid.

LPA₁, LPA₂ and LPA₃ receptors belong within the EDG family and are widely expressed. Whereas, LPA₄ and LPA₅ receptors are found within the P2Y gene cluster and expressed in low levels in many tissues but with high expression in the ovary and small intestine respectively. LPA₆ has recently been identified and is expressed highly in leukocytes, small intestine and hair cells. Additional receptors have also been identified that may qualify as LPA₇-LPA₉ receptors based on their activation by LPA, although this is pending the publication of additional evidence concerning identity. LPA receptors regulate a broad range of cellular functions: cell proliferation and survival, migration and chemotaxis, cytoskeletal architecture, cell-cell-contacts and adhesion, Ca²⁺ homoeostasis and Ca²⁺-dependent functions. They have been implicated in development, regulation of the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, inflammation, atherosclerosis, neuropathic pain, fibrosis in the kidney and lung, as well as male infertility and cancer.

External sources of pharmacological information for Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors :

• IUPHAR Receptor Code

• BJP Guide

Literature for Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors

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LPA Receptor Gene Data