NF-κB and IκB
NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) is a rapidly acting primary transcription factor found in all cell types. It is involved in the cellular responses to stimuli such as cytokines and stress and plays a key role in regulating the immunological response to infections.
NF-κB and IκB Inhibitors |
|
|---|---|
| Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
| 4547 | ACHP |
| Selective IKKα and IKKβ inhibitor; blocks NF-κB-DNA binding | |
| 4857 | Amlexanox |
| Inhibitor of TBK1 and IKKε; antiallergic agent | |
| 1777 | Arctigenin |
| Inhibitor of IκBα phosphorylation. Also inhibits MEK1 | |
| 1743 | Bay 11-7085 |
| Irreversible inhibitor of TNF-α-induced IκBα phosphorylation | |
| 1744 | Bay 11-7821 |
| Indirect inhibitor of IκBα phosphorylation | |
| 4806 | BMS 345541 |
| Selective allosteric inhibitor of IKK; anti-inflammatory | |
| 5821 | C-DIM 12 |
| Inhibits NF-κB-dependent gene expression; Nurr1 activator | |
| 2743 | Caffeic acid phenethyl ester |
| Specific inhibitor of NF-κB activation | |
| 2509 | Cardamonin |
| Inhibitor of NF-κB activation; anti-inflammatory | |
| 3203 | Celastrol |
| Inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation | |
| 6237 | FPS ZM1 |
| High affinity antagonist of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) | |
| 5672 | GSK 319347A |
| Potent and selective IKKε inhibitor | |
| 2539 | IKK 16 |
| Selective inhibitor of IKK | |
| 2611 | IMD 0354 |
| Inhibitor of IKKβ | |
| 5699 | IP7e |
| Blocks NF-κB pathway; also potent Nurr1 activator | |
| 2874 | Luteolin |
| Blocks NF-κB activation | |
| 1748 | MG 132 |
| Inhibits NF-κB activation; proteasome and calpain inhibitor | |
| 4899 | ML 120B dihydrochloride |
| Novel IKK2-selective inhibitor | |
| 7136 | NIKi |
| Potent NIK inhibitor | |
| 4238 | PF 184 |
| Potent and selective IKKβ inhibitor | |
| 1554 | Piceatannol |
| Inhibits TNF-induced NF-κB activation | |
| 6259 | RAGE antagonist peptide |
| Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) antagonist | |
| 5309 | SP 100030 |
| NF-κB and AP-1 dual inhibitor | |
| 4935 | Sulfasalazine |
| Inhibitor of NF-κB activation; also inhibits SXC and folate transporter 1 | |
| 2559 | TPCA-1 |
| Potent, selective inhibitor of IKKβ | |
| 2816 | Withaferin A |
| Inhibits NF-κB activation | |
| 6111 | Zoledronic Acid |
| NF-κB signaling inhibitor; also potent farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase inhibitor | |
NF-κB and IκB Activators |
|
| Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
| 7984 | BAY 805 New |
| NF-κB activator; also USP21 inhibitor | |
| 3906 | Betulinic acid |
| Activates NF-κB; antitumor and anti-HIV agent. Also TGR5 agonist | |
| 6124 | (R)-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt |
| NF-κB activator; also KDM4A inhibitor | |
Other |
|
| Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
| 7715 | C25-140 |
| TRAF6-Ubc13 interaction inhibitor; suppresses NF-κB signaling | |
| 1126 | Dexamethasone |
| Reduces levels of activated NF-κB in immature dendritic cells; anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid | |
| 7866 | IDR 1002 |
| Innate defence regulator peptide | |
NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) is a rapidly acting primary transcription factor found in all cell types. It is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as cytokines and stress and plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. In unstimulated cells NF-κB dimers are sequestered inactively in the cytoplasm by a protein complex called inhibitor of kappa B (IκB). IκB inactivates NF-κB by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS).
Activation of NF-κB occurs via degradation of IκB, a process that is initiated by its phosphorylation by IκB kinase (IKK). Phosphorylated IκB becomes dissociated from NF-κB, unmasking the NLS. Phosphorylation also results in IκB ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasome. NF-κB can now enter the nucleus and regulate gene expression. NF-κB turns on expression of IκB forming a negative feedback loop.
Pathways for NF-κB and IκB
NF-κB Signaling Pathway
NF-κB signaling plays an important role in inflammation, the innate and adaptive immune response and stress. Dysregulated signaling can occur in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.NF-κB Gene Data
| Gene | Species | Gene Symbol | Gene Accession No. | Protein Accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF-κB1 (p105/p50) | Human | NFKB1 | NM_003998 | P19838 |
| Mouse | Nfkb1 | NM_008689 | P25799 | |
| Rat | Nfkb1 | L26267 | Q63369 | |
| NF-κB2 (p100/p52) | Human | NFKB2 | NM_002502 | Q00653 |
| Mouse | Nfkb2 | NM_019408 | Q9WTK5 | |
| Rat | Nfkb2 | NM_001008349 | Q5U2Z4 | |
| RelA (p65) | Human | RELA | NM_021975 | Q04206 |
| Mouse | Rela | NM_009045 | Q04207 | |
| Rat | Rela | NM_199267 | NP_954888 | |
| RelB | Human | RELB | NM_006509 | Q01201 |
| Mouse | RelB | NM_009046 | NM_009046 | |
| c-Rel | Human | REL | NM_002908 | Q04864 |
| Mouse | Rel | NM_009044 | P15307 | |
| IκBα | Human | NFKBIA | NM_020529 | P25963 |
| Mouse | Nfkbia | NM_010907 | Q9Z1E3 | |
| Rat | Nfkbia | NM_001105720 | Q63746 | |
| IκBβ | Human | NFKBIB | NM_002503 | Q15653 |
| Mouse | Nfkbib | NM_010908 | Q60778 | |
| Rat | Nfkbib | NM_030867 | Q9JIA3 | |
| IκBδ | Human | NFKBID | NM_032721 | - |
| Mouse | Nfkbid | NM_172142 | Q2TB02 | |
| IκBε | Human | NFKBIE | NM_002503 | Q15653 |
| Mouse | Nfkbie | NM_008690 | O54910 | |
| Rat | Nfkbie | NM_199111 | Q6P780 | |
| IκBζ | Human | NFKBIZ | NM_031419 | Q9BYH8 |
| Mouse | Nfkbiz | NM_030612 | Q9EST8 | |
| Rat | Nfkbiz | NM_001107095 | NP_001100565 | |
| Bcl-3 | Human | BCL3 | NM_005178 | P20749 |
| Mouse | Bcl3 | NM_033601 | Q9Z2F6 | |
| Rat | Bcl3 | NM_001109422 | - |