Dopamine Receptors
Dopamine is the major catecholamine neurotransmitter present in the mammalian brain where it is responsible for a variety of functions, including locomotion, neuroendocrine secretion, cognition and emotion. Dopamine also plays a role in the periphery where it regulates a range of other processes, including catecholamine release, hormone secretion, and gastrointestinal motility.
Related Targets
The application of molecular cloning techniques to the study of dopamine receptors has expanded the classical dopamine D1/D2 classification scheme to include five dopamine receptor subtypes. These may be divided into D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3 and D4 receptors) based on their predicted transmembrane topologies, and functional and pharmacological properties. Dysregulation of dopamine transmission causes a variety of conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia and hyperprolactemia.
Literature for Dopamine Receptors
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Dopamine Receptors to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!
*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.
Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review
Written by Phillip Strange and revised by Kim Neve in 2013, this review summarizes the history of the dopamine receptors and provides an overview of individual receptor subtype properties, their distribution and identifies ligands which act at each receptor subtype. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.
Addiction Poster
The key feature of drug addiction is the inability to stop using a drug despite clear evidence of harm. This poster describes the brain circuits associated with addiction, and provides an overview of the main classes of addictive drugs and the neurotransmitter systems that they target.
Depression Poster
Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and a loss of interest and/or pleasure. Updated in 2015 this poster highlights presynaptic and postsynaptic targets for the potential treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as outlining the pharmacology of currently approved antidepressant drugs.
Parkinson's Disease Poster
Parkinson's disease (PD) causes chronic disability and is the second most common neurodegenerative condition. This poster outlines the neurobiology of the disease, as well as highlighting current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD, and emerging therapeutic strategies to delay PD onset and progression.
Dopamine Receptor Data
| Receptor Subtype | D1-like Receptors | D2-like Receptors | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | D5 | D2 | D3 | D4 | |
| G protein | Gs | Gs | Gi/o | Gi/o | Gi/o |
| Transduction Mechanism | ↑ AC, ↑ PLC, ↑ L-type Ca2+ channels | ↑ AC | ↓ AC, ↑ [Ca2+]i, K+ conductance, ↓ Ca2+ conductance | ↓ AC, activation of MAP kinase | ↓ AC, ↓ Ca2+ conductance |
| Localization | Caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle | Hippocampus, hypothalamus | Caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle | Nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja | Frontal cortex, midbrain, amygdala, cardiovascular system |
| Likely Physiological Roles | Locomotion, reward, reinforcement, learning and memory, renin secretion | Learning and memory | Locomotion, reward, reinforcement, learning and memory | Locomotion, possible role in cognition and emotion | Mostly unknown - possible role in cognition and emotion, hypertension |
| Key Compounds | Ki Values (nM) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1-like Agonists |
SKF 38393 (0922) SKF 83822 (2075) |
1 3.2 |
~ 0.5 3.1 |
~ 150 186 |
~ 5000 66 |
~ 1000 335 |
| D1-like Antagonists | SCH 23390 (0925) | ~ 0.2 | 0.3 | ~ 1100 | ~ 800 | ~ 3000 |
| D2-like Agonists |
Bromocriptine (0427) 7-HydroxyDPAT (0706) Cabergoline (2664) |
~ 440 ~ 5000 - |
~ 450 - 165 |
~ 8 10 0.7 |
~ 5 ~ 1 1.5 |
~ 290 650 9.0 |
| D2-like Antagonists |
Clozapine (0444) Haloperidol (0931) Nemonapride (1746) NGB 2904 (2635) Raclopride (1810) Remoxipride (0916) Spiperone (0995) (S)-(-)-Sulpride (0895) |
~ 170 ~ 80 - > 10000 18000 - ~ 350 ~ 45000 |
~ 330 ~ 100 - 217 - - ~ 3500 77000 |
~ 230 1.2 0.06 1.4 1.8 ~ 300 0.06 ~ 15 |
~ 170 ~ 7 0.3 > 5000 3.5 ~ 1600 0.6 ~ 13 |
21 2.3 0.15 > 10000 2400 ~ 2800 0.08 1000 |
All Ki values for agonists were determined at the high-affinity state for all receptors, except for D3 receptors.
References
Seeman and Van Tol (1994) Dopamine receptor pharmacology. TiPS 15 264. Missale et al (1998) Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol.Rev. 78 189. O'Sullivan et al (2004) SK&F 83822 distinguishes adenylyl cyclase from phospholipase C-coupled D1-like receptors: behavioural topography. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 486 273. Kvernmo et al (2006) A review of the receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopamine agonists. Clin.Ther. 28 1065. Yuan et al (1998) NGB 2904 and NGB 2849: two highly selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 8 2715.
Our Dopamine receptors review gives an overview of the dopamine receptor subtypes, and the receptor agonists and antagonists used to study them.
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Written by Prof David Nutt, this poster summarizes the brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems that are affected by the main classes of addictive drugs.
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Our Depression poster highlights presynaptic and postsynaptic targets for the potential treatment of major depressive disorder.
Request copyDownload PDFWritten by Anthony H.V. Schapira
Our Parkinson's disease (PD) poster summarizes the neurobiology of the disease, and highlights current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD.
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