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Submit ReviewHarmine
Description: Potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor
Chemical Name: 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
Purity: ≥98% (HPLC)
Biological Activity for Harmine
Harmine is a potent and selective inhibitor of DYRK1A (IC50 values are 80, 800 and 900 nM for DYRK1A, DYRK3 and DYRK2 respectively). Inhibits DYRK1A-mediated tau phosphorylation and regulates PPARγ expression. Harmine also induces pancreatic β cell proliferation and exhibits antidiabetic activity. Orally bioavailable. Harmine has high affinity (Kd = 100 nM) for the yjdF aptamer. The riboswitch function of yjdF motif RNAs is activated by Harmine and leads to robust reporter gene expressions in B. subtilis.
Technical Data for Harmine
| M. Wt | 212.25 |
| Formula | C13H12N2O |
| Storage | Store at RT |
| Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 442-51-3 |
| PubChem ID | 5280953 |
| InChI Key | BXNJHAXVSOCGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Smiles | CC1=NC=CC2=C1NC3=C2C=CC(OC)=C3 |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Solubility Data for Harmine
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| DMSO | 21.23 | 100 | |
| ethanol | 1.06 | 5 with gentle warming |
Preparing Stock Solutions for Harmine
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 212.25. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 4.71 mL | 23.56 mL | 47.11 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.94 mL | 4.71 mL | 9.42 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.47 mL | 2.36 mL | 4.71 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.09 mL | 0.47 mL | 0.94 mL |
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Product Datasheets for Harmine
References for Harmine
References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.
Smith et al (2012) Recent advances in the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of selective DYRK1A inhibitors: a new avenue for a disease modifying treatment of Alzheimer's? ACS Chem.Neurosci. 3 857 PMID: 23173067
Bain et al (2007) The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: a further update. Biochem.J. 408 297 PMID: 17850214
Waki et al (2007) The small molecule harmine is an antidiabetic cell-type-specific regulator of PPARγ expression. Cell Metab. 5 357 PMID: 17488638
Wang et al (2015) A high-throughput chemical screen reveals that harmine-mediated inhibition of DYRK1A increases human pancreatic beta cell replication. Nat.Med. 21 383 PMID: 25751815
Li et al (2016) The yjdF riboswitch candidate regulates gene expression by binding diverse azaaromatic compounds. RNA 22 530 PMID: 26843526
If you know of a relevant reference for Harmine, please let us know.
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2 Citations for Harmine
Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Harmine include:
Singh et al (2017) Different developmental histories of beta-cells generate functional and proliferative heterogeneity during islet growth. Nat Commun 8 664 PMID: 28939870
Sourav et al (2021) The stress-responsive kinase DYRK2 activates heat shock factor 1 promoting resistance to proteotoxic stress. Cell Death Differ 28 1563-1578 PMID: 33268814
Do you know of a great paper that uses Harmine from Tocris? Please let us know.
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Literature in this Area
Tocris offers the following scientific literature in this area to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!
*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.
Alzheimer's Disease Poster
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, affecting approximately 30% of individuals aged over 85 years. This poster summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD.
Parkinson's Disease Poster
Parkinson's disease (PD) causes chronic disability and is the second most common neurodegenerative condition. This poster outlines the neurobiology of the disease, as well as highlighting current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD, and emerging therapeutic strategies to delay PD onset and progression.