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CHIR 99021

Cat. No. 4423 412 Citations 16 Reviews Submit a Review Datasheet / COA / SDS
GMP Version Available: CHIR 99021
Pricing Availability   Qty
Description: Highly selective GSK-3 inhibitor; acts as Wnt activator
Alternative Names: CHIR99021,CT99021
Chemical Name: 6-[[2-[[4-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]ethyl]amino]-3-pyridinecarbonitrile
Purity: ≥98% (HPLC)
Datasheet
Citations (412)
Reviews (16)
Protocols (13)
Literature (4)
Pathways (1)
Biological Activity Scientific Data Technical Data Solubility Calculators Datasheets References

Biological Activity for CHIR 99021

CHIR 99021 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) (IC50 values are 6.7 and 10 nM for GSK-3β and GSK-3α respectively). Acts as Wnt activator. Exhibits >500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 over closely related kinases; also displays >800-fold selectivity against 45 additional enzymes and receptors. In combination with the irreversible inhibitor of LSD1 (Cat. No. 3852), CHIR 99021 enables reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, transduced by Oct4 and Klf4 only, into iPSCs. Enhances mouse and human ESC self-renewal when used in combination with PD 0325901 (Cat. No. 4192). It promotes differentiation of hPSCs in cardiomyocytes and allows formation of extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells in combination with (S)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate (Cat. No. 1425), tetracycline antibiotic (Cat. No. 3268) and human leukemia inhibitory factor. Used in a protocol to generate brain organoids from human iPSCs. Also used in iPS cell differentiation protocol that produces CD34+ hematopoietic cells with multilineage engraftment ability.

CHIR 99021 synthesized to cGMP guidelines and CHIR 99021 in solution also available.

For more information on how to use CHIR 99021, see our protocols: Transdifferentiating Fibroblasts into Neurons, Culturing Transcriptomically Distinct Pluripotent mESCs, Converting Fibroblasts into Cardiomyocytes (9C Cocktail), Human iPSC-derived Myoblasts.

Scientific Data

Cardiomyocyte derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using CHIR 99021. View Larger

Cardiomyocyte derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using CHIR 99021. Cells cultured in Media supplemented with Activin A (Catalog # 338-AC, R&D Systems), N21-MAX Insulin Free (Catalog # AR010, R&D Systems), BMP-4 (Catalog # 314-BP, R&D Systems), bFGF (Catalog # 233-FB, R&D Systems) and DKK-1 (Catalog # 5439-DK, R&D Systems). Stained for F-Actin (Phalloidin, green), Troponin T (red, Human Troponin T (Cardiac) Antibody, Catalog # MAB1874, R&D Systems) and counterstained with DAPI (blue, Catalog # 5748, Tocris).

External Portal Information for CHIR 99021

Chemicalprobes.org is a portal that offers independent guidance on the selection and/or application of small molecules for research. The use of CHIR-99021 is reviewed on the chemical probes website.

Compound Libraries for CHIR 99021

CHIR 99021 is also offered as part of the Tocriscreen 2.0 Max, Tocriscreen Kinase Inhibitor Library, Tocriscreen Epigenetics Library and Tocriscreen Stem Cell Library. Find out more about compound libraries available from Tocris.

Technical Data for CHIR 99021

M. Wt 465.34
Formula C22H18Cl2N8
Storage Store at -20°C
Purity ≥98% (HPLC)
CAS Number 252917-06-9
PubChem ID 9956119
InChI Key AQGNHMOJWBZFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Smiles ClC(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1C2=NC(NCCNC3=CC=C(C#N)C=N3)=NC=C2C4=NC=C(C)N4

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Solubility Data for CHIR 99021

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
Solubility
DMSO 9.31 20

Preparing Stock Solutions for CHIR 99021

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 465.34. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Select a batch to recalculate based on the batch molecular weight:
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
0.2 mM 10.74 mL 53.72 mL 107.45 mL
1 mM 2.15 mL 10.74 mL 21.49 mL
2 mM 1.07 mL 5.37 mL 10.74 mL
10 mM 0.21 mL 1.07 mL 2.15 mL

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Product Datasheets for CHIR 99021

Certificate of Analysis / Product Datasheet
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Safety Datasheet

References for CHIR 99021

References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.

Pan et al (2011) AKT kinase activity is required for Li to modulate mood-related behaviors in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 36 1397 PMID: 21389981

Ring et al (2003) Selective glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors potentiate Ins activation of glucose transport and utilization in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes 52 588 PMID: 12606497

Li et al (2009) Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells in the absence of exogenous Sox2. Stem Cells 27 2992 PMID: 19839055

Ye et al (2012) Pleiotropy of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition by CHIR99021 promotes self-renewal of embyronic stem cells from refractory mouse strains. PLoS One 7 e35892 PMID: 22540008

Yang et al (2017) Derivation of pluripotent stem cells with in vivo embryonic and extraembryonic potency. Cell. 169 243 PMID: 28388409

Sato et al (2015) SnapShot: Growing Organoids from Stem Cells. Cell 161 1700 PMID: 26091044

Mahe et al (2014) Establishment of gastrointestinal epithelial organoids Curr.Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3 217 PMID: 25105065

Bartfeld et al (2015) In vitro expansion of human gastric epithelial stem cells and their responses to bacterial infection. Gastroenterology 148 126 PMID: 25307862

Xia et al (2014) The generation of kidney organoids by differentiation of human pluripotent cells to ureteric bud progenitor-like cells. Nat. Protoc. 9 2693 PMID: 25340442

Dye et al (2015) In vitro generation of human pluripotent stem cell derived lung organoids. Elife PMID: 25803487

Koehler et al (2014) 3D mouse embryonic stem cell culture for generating inner ear organoids. Nat.Protoc. 9 1229 PMID: 24784820

Wimmer et al (2019) Human blood vessel organoids as a model of diabetic vasculopathy. Nature 565 505 PMID: 30651639

Noor et al (2019) 3D Printing of Personalized Thick and Perfusable Cardiac Patches and Hearts. Adv.Sci.(Weinh) 6 1900344 PMID: 31179230

Hoang et al (2018) Generation of spatial-patterned early-developing cardiac organoids using human pluripotent stem cells. Nat.Protoc. 13 723 PMID: 29543795

Lian et al (2012) Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 109 E1848 PMID: 22645348

Schafer et al (2023) An in vivo neuroimmune organoid model to study human microglia phenotypes. Cell 186 1222 PMID: 37172564

Ng et al (2024) Long-term engrafting multilineage hematopoietic cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat.Biotechnol. PMID: 39223325

If you know of a relevant reference for CHIR 99021, please let us know.

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Keywords: CHIR 99021, CHIR 99021 supplier, CHIR99021, glycogen, synthase, kinase, 3, gsk-3, gsk-3a, gsk-3alpha, gsk-3α, gsk-3b, gsk-3beta, gsk-3β, inhibitors, inhibits, highly, selective, potent, organoids, Wnt, agonist, activator, CHIR, CT99021, CT, 99021, hematopoietic, haematopoietic, stem, cells, HSC, CD34+, multi, Glycogen, Synthase, Kinase, Stem, Cell, Reprogramming, Organoids, Hematopoietic, Cells, 4423, Tocris Bioscience

412 Citations for CHIR 99021

Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for CHIR 99021 include:

Liu et al (2018) CRISPR-based chromatin remodeling of the endogenous Oct4 or Sox2 locus enables reprogramming to pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell. 22 252 PMID: 29358044

Bantounas et al (2018) Generation of functioning nephrons by implanting human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 10 766 PMID: 29429961

Bar-Nur et al (2018) Direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into functional skeletal muscle progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 10 1505 PMID: 29742392

Christine E et al (2018) Differentiation and Contractile Analysis of GFP-Sarcomere Reporter hiPSC-Cardiomyocytes. Curr Protoc Hum Genet 96 21.12.1-21.12.12 PMID: 29364522

George A et al (2018) Efficient transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts into skeletal muscle. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12 e918-e936 PMID: 28101909

James R et al (2018) 3D Printed Stem-Cell Derived Neural Progenitors Generate Spinal Cord Scaffolds. Adv Funct Mater 28 PMID: 32595422

Ying et al (2018) 3D Modeling of Esophageal Development using Human PSC-Derived Basal Progenitors Reveals a Critical Role for Notch Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 23 516-529.e5 PMID: 30244870

Guangming et al (2018) Esrrb Unlocks Silenced Enhancers for Reprogramming to Naive Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 23 266-275.e6 PMID: 29910149

Haojia et al (2018) Comparative Analysis and Refinement of Human PSC-Derived Kidney Organoid Differentiation with Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Cell Stem Cell 23 869-881.e8 PMID: 30449713

Wei et al (2018) iPSCs from a Hibernator Provide a Platform for Studying Cold Adaptation and Its Potential Medical Applications. Cell 173 851-863.e16 PMID: 29576452

Jonathan G et al (2018) Force Generation via β-Cardiac Myosin, Titin, and α-Actinin Drives Cardiac Sarcomere Assembly from Cell-Matrix Adhesions. Dev Cell 44 87-96.e5 PMID: 29316444

Bin et al (2018) APC Inhibits Ligand-Independent Wnt Signaling by the Clathrin Endocytic Pathway. Dev Cell 44 566-581.e8 PMID: 29533772

Woo et al (2016) Enhancing a Wnt-Telomere Feedback Loop Restores Intestinal Stem Cell Function in a Human Organotypic Model of Dyskeratosis Congenita Cell Stem Cell 19 397 PMID: 27545506

Takasato et al (2016) Generation of kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nature Protocols 11 1681 PMID: 27560173

Foulke-Abel et al (2016) Human Enteroids as a Model of Upper Small Intestinal Ion Transport Physiology and Pathophysiology. Nat Commun 150 638 PMID: 26677983

Long et al (2016) Integrin signalling regulates the expansion of neuroepithelial progenitors and neurogenesis via Wnt7a and Decorin. Nat Biotechnol 7 10354 PMID: 26838601

Huang et al (2016) Generating trunk neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 6 19727 PMID: 26812940

Mitchell J et al (2014) Hematopoietic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in culture. Methods Mol Biol 1185 181-94 PMID: 25062629

Yoon-Young et al (2014) Determination of Functional Activity of Human iPSC-Derived Hepatocytes by Measurement of CYP Metabolism. Methods Mol Biol 1357 383-94 PMID: 25410290

Kenneth et al (2014) Transcriptional profiling of Wnt3a mutants identifies Sp transcription factors as essential effectors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in neuromesodermal stem cells. PLoS One 9 e87018 PMID: 24475213

Yoon-Young et al (2014) In Vitro Modeling of Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 1353 271-83 PMID: 25520290

Peter et al (2014) Generation, expansion and functional analysis of endothelial cells and pericytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 9 1514-31 PMID: 24874816

Lorenz et al (2013) Dual-SMAD Inhibition/WNT Activation-Based Methods to Induce Neural Crest and Derivatives from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 1307 329-43 PMID: 24301074

Ying et al (2021) Airway basal stem cells generate distinct subpopulations of PNECs. Cell Rep 35 109011 PMID: 33882306

Li et al (2021) 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is dynamically regulated during forebrain organoid development and aberrantly altered in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep 35 109042 PMID: 33910000

Anestis et al (2021) Generating Enteric Nervous System Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc 1 e137 PMID: 34102038

Wei et al (2021) Generation of human blastocyst-like structures from pluripotent stem cells. Cell Discov 7 81 PMID: 34489415

Brian J et al (2021) A high-content platform for physiological profiling and unbiased classification of individual neurons. Cell Rep Methods 1 PMID: 34318289

Andrea et al (2021) Evaluating totipotency using criteria of increasing stringency. Nat Cell Biol 23 49-60 PMID: 33420491

Digvijay et al (2021) HSP70 chaperones RNA-free TDP-43 into anisotropic intranuclear liquid spherical shells. Science 371 PMID: 33335017

Marcela et al (2021) Generation of functional ciliated cholangiocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 12 6504 PMID: 34764255

Anestis et al (2021) In Vitro Generation of Posterior Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc 1 e244 PMID: 34547185

John D et al (2021) Elevated Extracellular cGMP Produced after Exposure to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin Induces Epithelial IL-33 Release and Alters Intestinal Immunity. Infect Immun 89 PMID: 33431701

Yi et al (2021) The histone demethylase KDM2B regulates human primordial germ cell-like cells specification. Int J Biol Sci 17 527-538 PMID: 33613110

Konstantinos-Dionysios et al (2021) Sequence logic at enhancers governs a dual mechanism of endodermal organ fate induction by FOXA pioneer factors. Nat Commun 12 6636 PMID: 34789735

Takuya et al (2021) GATA transcription factors, SOX17 and TFAP2C, drive the human germ-cell specification program. Life Sci Alliance 4 PMID: 33608411

Jason G et al (2021) Robust single-cell discovery of RNA targets of RNA-binding proteins and ribosomes. Nat Methods 18 507-519 PMID: 33963355

Ulrich et al (2021) An early cell shape transition drives evolutionary expansion of the human forebrain. Cell 184 2084-2102.e19 PMID: 33765444

Gustavo et al (2021) Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids Model SARS-CoV-2 Infection Revealing a Common Epithelial Inflammatory Response. Stem Cell Reports 16 940-953 PMID: 33852884

John M et al (2021) A weakened interface in the P182L variant of HSP27 associated with severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy causes aberrant binding to interacting proteins. EMBO J 40 e103811 PMID: 33644875

Su-Jin et al (2021) Bioactive Lipid O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate Promotes Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes via ALK3/BMPR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 22 PMID: 34209900

David et al (2021) Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons cause dysfunctional axonal homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 141 257-279 PMID: 33398403

Anne G et al (2021) A universal gene correction approach for FKRP-associated dystroglycanopathies to enable autologous cell therapy. Cell Rep 36 109360 PMID: 34260922

Ha Neui et al (2021) The thrombin receptor links brain derived neurotrophic factor to neuron cholesterol production, resiliency and repair after spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 152 105294 PMID: 33549720

Paul et al (2021) Sarcomere function activates a p53-dependent DNA damage response that promotes polyploidization and limits in vivo cell engraftment. Cell Rep 35 109088 PMID: 33951429

Andrew et al (2021) Patient-specific iPSCs carrying an SFTPC mutation reveal the intrinsic alveolar epithelial dysfunction at the inception of interstitial lung disease. Cell Rep 36 109636 PMID: 34469722

Giovanni et al (2021) CHAF1A Blocks Neuronal Differentiation and Promotes Neuroblastoma Oncogenesis via Metabolic Reprogramming. Adv Sci (Weinh) 8 e2005047 PMID: 34365742

Michael et al (2021) Pharmacological Manipulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Human Neural Precursor Cells Alters Their Differentiation Potential and Neuronal Yield. Front Mol Neurosci 14 680018 PMID: 34421534

Bin et al (2021) Myogenin suppresses apoptosis induced by angiotensin II in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 552 84-90 PMID: 33743352

Philip J et al (2021) Transplantable human motor networks as a neuron-directed strategy for spinal cord injury. iScience 24 102827 PMID: 34381965

Paolo et al (2021) Paediatric gastric organoids as a tool for disease modelling and clinical translation. Pediatr Surg Int 37 317-324 PMID: 33495862

Xinwen et al (2021) Host metabolism dysregulation and cell tropism identification in human airway and alveolar organoids upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Protein Cell 12 717-733 PMID: 33314005

Kyoung-Jae et al (2021) TENET: gene network reconstruction using transfer entropy reveals key regulatory factors from single cell transcriptomic data. Nucleic Acids Res 49 e1 PMID: 33170214

Won Kyu et al (2021) Phenotypic plasticity underlies local invasion and distant metastasis in colon cancer. Elife 10 PMID: 34036938

Di et al (2021) High-Yield Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Monocytes and Macrophages Are Functionally Comparable With Primary Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 9 656867 PMID: 33937256

Tim et al (2021) High-throughput generation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron organoids from reporter human pluripotent stem cells. STAR Protoc 2 100463 PMID: 33997803

Jamie A et al (2021) Cell Surface Mechanics Gate Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 28 209-216.e4 PMID: 33207217

Gustavo et al (2021) Expression of HIV-1 Intron-Containing RNA in Microglia Induces Inflammatory Responses. J Virol 95 PMID: 33298546

Deborah A et al (2021) Automating Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation of iPSC-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for Personalized Drug Testing. SLAS Technol 26 287-299 PMID: 33292045

Beth A et al (2021) Resolving cell state in iPSC-derived human neural samples with multiplexed fluorescence imaging. Commun Biol 4 786 PMID: 34168275

Adrian S et al (2021) The miR-199a/214 Cluster Controls Nephrogenesis and Vascularization in a Human Embryonic Stem Cell Model. Stem Cell Reports 16 134-148 PMID: 33306987

Bruce R et al (2021) Bioengineered optogenetic model of human neuromuscular junction. Biomaterials 276 121033 PMID: 34403849

Alfonso Martinez et al (2021) In vitro teratogenicity testing using a 3D, embryo-like gastruloid system. Reprod Toxicol 105 72-90 PMID: 34425190

Boyang et al (2021) Generation of mouse-human chimeric embryos. Nat Protoc 16 3954-3980 PMID: 34215863

Kolja et al (2021) Local non-pituitary growth hormone is induced with aging and facilitates epithelial damage. Cell Rep 37 110068 PMID: 34910915

Yun et al (2021) Mechanical stimulation enhances development of scaffold-free, 3D-printed, engineered heart tissue grafts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 15 503-512 PMID: 33749089

Qian et al (2021) Characterization of primary models of human trophoblast. Development 148 PMID: 34651188

Alexander et al (2021) Generation of Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Trunk-like Structures: An in vitro Model of Post-implantation Embryogenesis. Bio Protoc 11 e4042 PMID: 34250208

Britta et al (2021) Wnt signaling mediates acquisition of blood-brain barrier properties in naïve endothelium derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Elife 10 PMID: 34755601

Juan Carlos et al (2021) Chimeric contribution of human extended pluripotent stem cells to monkey embryos ex vivo. Cell 184 2020-2032.e14 PMID: 33861963

Shingo et al (2021) Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional airway basal stem cells. STAR Protoc 2 100683 PMID: 34355203

Marcos et al (2021) The connectome of neural crest enhancers reveals regulatory features of signaling systems. Dev Cell 56 1268-1282.e6 PMID: 33852891

Andrew et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Disrupts Proximal Elements in the JAK-STAT Pathway. J Virol 95 e0086221 PMID: 34260266

J Travis et al (2021) Actinin BioID reveals sarcomere crosstalk with oxidative metabolism through interactions with IGF2BP2. Cell Rep 36 109512 PMID: 34380038

Sean P et al (2021) Differentiation of Brain Pericyte-Like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest. Curr Protoc 1 e21 PMID: 33484491

Andras et al (2021) Derivation of Airway Basal Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 28 79-95.e8 PMID: 33098807

Hiromitsu et al (2021) Generation of Functional Organs Using a Cell-Competitive Niche in Intra- and Inter-species Rodent Chimeras. Cell Stem Cell 28 141-149.e3 PMID: 33373620

Bianca et al (2021) Prednisolone rescues Duchenne muscular dystrophy phenotypes in human pluripotent stem cell-derived skeletal muscle in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118 PMID: 34260377

Ari et al (2021) NOTUM from Apc-mutant cells biases clonal competition to initiate cancer. Nature 594 430-435 PMID: 34079124

Madeline A et al (2021) Generation and long-term culture of advanced cerebral organoids for studying later stages of neural development. Nat Protoc 16 579-602 PMID: 33328611

Beth Y et al (2021) Human iPSC-derived fallopian tube organoids with BRCA1 mutation recapitulate early-stage carcinogenesis. Cell Rep 37 110146 PMID: 34965417

Karen E et al (2021) Direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the human inner ear may underlie COVID-19-associated audiovestibular dysfunction. Commun Med (Lond) 1 44 PMID: 34870285

Yannick D et al (2021) Pharmacological targeting of Sam68 functions in colorectal cancer stem cells. iScience 24 103442 PMID: 34877499

Jacco et al (2021) Generation of mixed murine organoids to model cellular interactions. STAR Protoc 2 100997 PMID: 34917977

Ludo et al (2021) Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons of CMT type 2 patients reveal progressive mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain 144 2471-2485 PMID: 34128983

Ida et al (2021) Miniaturized 3D bone marrow tissue model to assess response to Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists in patients. Elife 10 PMID: 34059198

Jacco et al (2021) Active elimination of intestinal cells drives oncogenic growth in organoids. Cell Rep 36 109307 PMID: 34233177

Anne G et al (2021) NAD+ enhances ribitol and ribose rescue of α-dystroglycan functional glycosylation in human FKRP-mutant myotubes. Elife 10 PMID: 33513091

Ling et al (2021) Evolutionary epigenomic analyses in mammalian early embryos reveal species-specific innovations and conserved principles of imprinting. Sci Adv 7 eabi6178 PMID: 34818044

Danny et al (2021) NRF1 association with AUTS2-Polycomb mediates specific gene activation in the brain. Mol Cell 81 4663-4676.e8 PMID: 34637754

Ruili et al (2021) Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for High-Throughput Drug Screening and Characterization of Small Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2454 811-827 PMID: 34128205

Arun et al (2021) Responsiveness to perturbations is a hallmark of transcription factors that maintain cell identity in vitro. Cell Syst 12 885-899.e8 PMID: 34352221

Rafael et al (2021) Neuronal enhancers are hotspots for DNA single-strand break repair. Nature 593 440-444 PMID: 33767446

Fiachra H. et al (2021) A diamidobenzimidazole STING agonist protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Immunol 6 PMID: 34010139

Rajamani et al (2018) Super-Obese Patient-Derived iPSC Hypothalamic Neurons Exhibit Obesogenic Signatures and Hormone Responses. Cell Stem Cell 22 698 PMID: 29681516

Lynch et al (2018) Submucosal Gland Myoepithelial Cells Are Reserve Stem Cells That Can Regenerate Mouse Tracheal Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 22 653 PMID: 29656941

Pham et al (2018) Generation of human vascularized brain organoids. Neuroreport 29 588 PMID: 29570159

McCauley et al (2018) Derivation of Epithelial-Only Airway Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol 45 e51 PMID: 30040246

Tumelty et al (2018) Identification of direct negative cross-talk between the SLIT2 and bone morphogenetic protein-Gremlin signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 293 3039 PMID: 29317497

Schmitt et al (2018) Paneth Cells Respond to Inflammation and Contribute to Tissue Regeneration by Acquiring Stem-like Features through SCF/c-Kit Signaling. Cell Rep 24 2312 PMID: 30157426

Chal et al (2016) Generation of human muscle fibers and satellite-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Nat.Protoc. 11 1833 PMID: 27583644

Orlova et al (2014) Functionality of endothelial cells and pericytes from human pluripotent stem cells demonstrated in cultured vascular plexus and zebrafish xenografts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34 177 PMID: 24158517

Naujok et al (2014) Cytotoxicity and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells treated with four GSK3 inhibitors. BMC Res Notes 7 273 PMID: 24779365

Sommer et al (2018) Th17 lymphocytes induce neuronal cell death in a human iPSC-based model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Stem Cell 23 123 PMID: 29979986

Capowski et al (2016) Regulation of WNT Signaling by VSX2 During Optic Vesicle Patterning in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 34 2625 PMID: 27301076

Zimmerlin et al (2016) Tankyrase inhibition promotes a stable human naïve pluripotent state with improved functionality. Development 143 4368 PMID: 27660325

Lin et al (2016) HP Promotes Cardiac Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Chemically Defined Albumin-Free Medium, Enabling Consistent Manufacture of Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med PMID: 27591141

Shelton et al (2014) Derivation and expansion of PAX7-positive muscle progenitors from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. Dis Model Mech 3 516 PMID: 25241748

Wu et al (2014) A novel suppressive effect of alcohol dehydrogenase 5 in neuronal differentiation. Stem Cell Res 289 20193 PMID: 24895131

Skelton et al (2014) SIRPA, VCAM1 and CD34 identify discrete lineages during early human cardiovascular development. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13 172 PMID: 24968096

Wendy et al (2022) The human amniotic epithelium confers a bias to differentiate toward the neuroectoderm lineage in human embryonic stem cells. Elife 11 PMID: 35815953

Sandeep et al (2022) In vitro atlas of dorsal spinal interneurons reveals Wnt signaling as a critical regulator of progenitor expansion. Cell Rep 40 111119 PMID: 35858555

Diego et al (2022) Transcription Factor Hb9 Is Expressed in Glial Cell Lineages in the Developing Mouse Spinal Cord. Eneuro 9 PMID: 36265906

Kamil et al (2022) Engineering a living cardiac pump on a chip using high-precision fabrication. Sci Adv 8 eabm3791 PMID: 35452278

Marc et al (2022) Three-Dimensional Vessels-on-a-Chip Based on hiPSC-derived Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Curr Protoc 2 e564 PMID: 36250774

Michael et al (2022) Transplanted organoids empower human preclinical assessment of drug candidate for the clinic. Sci Adv 8 eabj5633 PMID: 35857479

Elisabeth et al (2022) Autophagy modulates cell fate decisions during lineage commitment. Autophagy 18 1915-1931 PMID: 34923909

Young-Woock et al (2022) Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoid with Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 23 PMID: 36012471

Sallie et al (2022) Innate immune signaling in trophoblast and decidua organoids defines differential antiviral defenses at the maternal-fetal interface. Elife 11 PMID: 35975985

Xi et al (2022) EHMT2 methyltransferase governs cell identity in the lung and is required for KRAS G12D tumor development and propagation. Elife 11 PMID: 35983994

Jorge et al (2022) Pancreas agenesis mutations disrupt a lead enhancer controlling a developmental enhancer cluster. Dev Cell 57 1922-1936.e9 PMID: 35998583

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Genga et al (2019) Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing-Based CRISPRi Screening Resolves Molecular Drivers of Early Human Endoderm Development. Cell Rep 27 708 PMID: 30995470

Hackland et al (2019) FGF Modulates the Axial Identity of Trunk hPSC-Derived Neural Crest but Not the Cranial-Trunk Decision. Stem Cell Reports 12 920 PMID: 31091435

Eva et al (2019) Axon-seq for in Depth Analysis of the RNA Content of Neuronal Processes. Bio Protoc 9 e3312 PMID: 33654821

Konstantinos-Dionysios et al (2019) Derivation of self-renewing lung alveolar epithelial type II cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 3303-3332 PMID: 31732721

Tracy C et al (2019) Wnt signaling inhibition by monensin results in a period of Hippo pathway activation during intestinal adaptation in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 316 G679-G691 PMID: 30896968

Ryan M et al (2019) Specification of positional identity in forebrain organoids. Nat Biotechnol 37 436-444 PMID: 30936566

Kevin et al (2019) Derivation of enteric neuron lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 1261-1279 PMID: 30911172

Kyoung Hwa et al (2019) Basal-type lumenogenesis in extraembryonic endoderm stem cells models the early visceral endoderm. J Cell Sci 132 PMID: 31492758

Olga et al (2019) Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium. J Vis Exp PMID: 31033964

Puspa R et al (2019) End-to-End Platform for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 21 PMID: 31877727

Fan et al (2019) Long-Term Stability and Differentiation Potential of Cryopreserved cGMP-Compliant Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 21 PMID: 31877913

Francois et al (2019) Cortical Neurogenesis Requires Bcl6-Mediated Transcriptional Repression of Multiple Self-Renewal-Promoting Extrinsic Pathways. Neuron 103 1096-1108.e4 PMID: 31353074

Chi-chung et al (2019) Activation of Hedgehog Signaling Promotes Development of Mouse and Human Enteric Neural Crest Cells, Based on Single-Cell Transcriptome Analyses. Gastroenterology 157 1556-1571.e5 PMID: 31442438

David J et al (2019) The role of cardiac transcription factor NKX2-5 in regulating the human cardiac miRNAome. Sci Rep 9 15928 PMID: 31685864

Ajeet P et al (2019) Enteroendocrine Progenitor Cell-Enriched miR-7 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation in an Xiap-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 9 447-464 PMID: 31756561

James R et al (2019) Cardiomyocyte functional screening: interrogating comparative electrophysiology of high-throughput model cell systems. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 317 C1256-C1267 PMID: 31577512

Guangming et al (2019) Excluding Oct4 from Yamanaka Cocktail Unleashes the Developmental Potential of iPSCs. Cell Stem Cell 25 737-753.e4 PMID: 31708402

Steven M et al (2019) Cardiac regeneration using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived biomaterial-free 3D-bioprinted cardiac patch in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 13 2031-2039 PMID: 31408915

Kumi et al (2019) Engineering of human cardiac muscle electromechanically matured to an adult-like phenotype. Nat Protoc 14 2781-2817 PMID: 31492957

Sebastian et al (2019) Development of MAP4 Kinase Inhibitors as Motor Neuron-Protecting Agents. Cell Chem Biol 26 1703-1715.e37 PMID: 31676236

Peidong et al (2019) Canonical Wnt5b Signaling Directs Outlying Nkx2.5+ Mesoderm into Pacemaker Cardiomyocytes. Dev Cell 50 729-743.e5 PMID: 31402282

Matthew W et al (2019) GSK3 regulates hair cell fate in the developing mammalian cochlea. Dev Biol 453 191-205 PMID: 31185200

Marc et al (2019) Human SNORA31 variations impair cortical neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 and underlie herpes simplex encephalitis. Nat Med 25 1873-1884 PMID: 31806906

Martín I et al (2019) Human neural crest induction by temporal modulation of WNT activation. Dev Biol 449 99-106 PMID: 30826399

Thomas C et al (2019) Direct Reprogramming of Human Neurons Identifies MARCKSL1 as a Pathogenic Mediator of Valproic Acid-Induced Teratogenicity. Cell Stem Cell 25 103-119.e6 PMID: 31155484

Josef M et al (2019) Generation of blood vessel organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 3082-3100 PMID: 31554955

Pentao et al (2019) In vitro establishment of expanded-potential stem cells from mouse pre-implantation embryos or embryonic stem cells. Nat Protoc 14 350-378 PMID: 30617351

Amos et al (2020) SEM/FIB Imaging for Studying Neural Interfaces. Dev Neurobiol 80 305-315 PMID: 31228876

Narutoshi et al (2020) Principles of Spheroid Preparation for Creation of 3D Cardiac Tissue Using Biomaterial-Free Bioprinting. Methods Mol Biol 2140 183-197 PMID: 32207113

Krisztina et al (2020) Gastruloids: Embryonic Organoids from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Study Patterning and Development in Early Mammalian Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2258 131-147 PMID: 33340359

Stewart A et al (2020) Protocol for Tri-culture of hiPSC-Derived Neurons, Astrocytes, and Microglia. STAR Protoc 1 100190 PMID: 33377084

Takuya et al (2020) Long-term expansion with germline potential of human primordial germ cell-like cells in vitro. EMBO J 39 e104929 PMID: 32954504

Mark et al (2020) Reengineering an Antiarrhythmic Drug Using Patient hiPSC Cardiomyocytes to Improve Therapeutic Potential and Reduce Toxicity. Cell Stem Cell 27 813-821.e6 PMID: 32931730

Masayuki et al (2020) Intracellular pH controls WNT downstream of glycolysis in amniote embryos. Nature 584 98-101 PMID: 32581357

Alexander R et al (2020) Spatially controlled stem cell differentiation via morphogen gradients: A comparison of static and dynamic microfluidic platforms. J Vac Sci Technol A 38 033205 PMID: 32255900

Michael A et al (2020) Differentiation of PTH-Expressing Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Endocrinology 161 PMID: 32810225

Joshy et al (2020) Poison Exon Splicing Regulates a Coordinated Network of SR Protein Expression during Differentiation and Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell 80 648-665.e9 PMID: 33176162

Emanuela et al (2020) Differentiation of the human PAX7-positive myogenic precursors/satellite cell lineage in vitro. Development PMID: 34004948

Maxime M et al (2020) Pluripotent stem cell derived intestinal organoids with an enteric nervous system. Methods Cell Biol 159 175-199 PMID: 32586442

Kotaro et al (2020) Generation of human oogonia from induced pluripotent stem cells in culture. Nat Protoc 15 1560-1583 PMID: 32231324

Nicholas C et al (2020) Co-Culture System of Human Enteroids/Colonoids with Innate Immune Cells. Curr Protoc Immunol 131 e113 PMID: 33166041

Lucy et al (2020) Establishment and differentiation of long-term trophoblast organoid cultures from the human placenta. Nat Protoc 15 3441-3463 PMID: 32908314

Donna L et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Infects the Brain Choroid Plexus and Disrupts the Blood-CSF Barrier in Human Brain Organoids. Cell Stem Cell 27 951-961.e5 PMID: 33113348

Hyun Jung et al (2020) Neural Transplants From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Rescue the Pathology and Behavioral Defects in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 14 558204 PMID: 33071737

Thaddeus G et al (2020) Placenta-derived macaque trophoblast stem cells: differentiation to syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts reveals phenotypic reprogramming. Sci Rep 10 19159 PMID: 33154556

Lisa M et al (2020) FOXO3 targets are reprogrammed as Huntington's disease neural cells and striatal neurons face senescence with p16INK4a increase. Aging Cell 19 e13226 PMID: 33156570

Alon et al (2020) Electrophysiologic Characterization of Developing Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 61 44 PMID: 32991686

Richard A et al (2020) Multi-layered Spatial Transcriptomics Identify Secretory Factors Promoting Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. Cell Stem Cell 27 822-839.e8 PMID: 32946788

Malcolm G et al (2020) Aspirin Rescues Wnt-Driven Stem-like Phenotype in Human Intestinal Organoids and Increases the Wnt Antagonist Dickkopf-1. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 11 465-489 PMID: 32971322

Walter C et al (2020) Accelerated differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into neural lineages via an early intermediate ectoderm population. Stem Cells 38 1400-1408 PMID: 32745311

Ludovic et al (2020) Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Phenotypic Variability that Is Driven by Genetic Variation. Cell Stem Cell 27 470-481.e6 PMID: 32795399

Adrian S et al (2020) Aberrant Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Precursor Cells inside Mouse Vascularized Bioreactors. Nephron 144 509-524 PMID: 32756058

Frédéric H-T et al (2020) Aberrant interaction of FUS with the U1 snRNA provides a molecular mechanism of FUS induced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Commun 11 6341 PMID: 33311468

April D et al (2020) Generation of PAX7 Reporter Cells to Investigate Skeletal Myogenesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. STAR Protoc 1 100158 PMID: 33377052

Emanuela et al (2020) Differentiation of the human PAX7-positive myogenic precursors/satellite cell lineage in vitro. Development 147 PMID: 32541004

Constanze et al (2020) Protocol for the Generation of Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. STAR Protoc 1 100130 PMID: 33377024

Koen C et al (2020) Introducing the Stem Cell ASCL2 Reporter STAR into Intestinal Organoids. STAR Protoc 1 100126 PMID: 33377020

Edwin M et al (2020) Human iPSC Modeling Reveals Mutation-Specific Responses to Gene Therapy in a Genotypically Diverse Dominant Maculopathy. Am J Hum Genet 107 278-292 PMID: 32707085

Takashi et al (2020) Hedgehog Activation Regulates Human Osteoblastogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 15 125-139 PMID: 32531191

Peter W et al (2020) Nucleosides Rescue Replication-Mediated Genome Instability of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 14 1009-1017 PMID: 32413278

Jizhong et al (2020) Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Fully Chemically Defined Conditions. STAR Protoc 1 PMID: 32734277

Mary Lou et al (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Lung Alveolar Type 2 Cells Elicits a Rapid Epithelial-Intrinsic Inflammatory Response. Cell Stem Cell 27 962-973.e7 PMID: 32979316

Peter et al (2020) Evaluating the Effects of Cell Sorting on Gene Expression. J Biomol Tech 31 100-111 PMID: 32982601

Rui et al (2020) Wnt/Beta-catenin/Esrrb signalling controls the tissue-scale reorganization and maintenance of the pluripotent lineage during murine embryonic diapause. Nat Commun 11 5499 PMID: 33127892

Ting et al (2020) Protocol for the Generation of Human Pluripotent Reporter Cell Lines Using CRISPR/Cas9. STAR Protoc 1 PMID: 33073252

Gareth et al (2020) A method for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells toward functional cardiomyocytes in 96-well microplates. Sci Rep 10 18498 PMID: 33116175

Hui et al (2020) 16p11.2 microdeletion imparts transcriptional alterations in human iPSC-derived models of early neural development. Elife 9 PMID: 33169669

Byeong-Sun et al (2020) Three-Dimensional Human Alveolar Stem Cell Culture Models Reveal Infection Response to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Stem Cell 27 905-919.e10 PMID: 33142113

Richard C et al (2020) Human Lung Stem Cell-Based Alveolospheres Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Interferon Responses and Pneumocyte Dysfunction. Cell Stem Cell 27 890-904.e8 PMID: 33128895

Darrell N et al (2020) Generation of mesenchyme free intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 11 215 PMID: 31924806

Qianqian et al (2020) A cytokine screen using CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in reporter pig iPS cells reveals that Activin A regulates NANOG. Stem Cell Res Ther 11 67 PMID: 32070424

Preethi et al (2020) High-Throughput Drug Screening Identifies a Potent Wnt Inhibitor that Promotes Airway Basal Stem Cell Homeostasis. Cell Rep 30 2055-2064.e5 PMID: 32075752

Sun et al (2020) Development of genetic quality tests for good manufacturing practice-compliant induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. Sci Rep 10 3939 PMID: 32127560

Jeong-Eun et al (2020) Multimodal Therapeutic Effects of Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells through Episomal Plasmid-Based Reprogramming in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2020 4061516 PMID: 32269595

Robert et al (2020) CRISPR-mediated gene correction links the ATP7A M1311V mutations with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis in one individual. Commun Biol 3 33 PMID: 31959876

Xavier et al (2020) BCL-xL/BCL2L1 is a critical anti-apoptotic protein that promotes the survival of differentiating pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 11 378 PMID: 32424151

Constanze et al (2020) Expression of RUNX1-ETO Rapidly Alters the Chromatin Landscape and Growth of Early Human Myeloid Precursor Cells. Cell Rep 31 107691 PMID: 32460028

Peter et al (2020) Evaluating the Effects of Cell Sorting on Gene Expression. J Biomol Tech PMID: 32831654

Paul et al (2020) A Non-Coding Disease Modifier of Pancreatic Agenesis Identified by Genetic Correction in a Patient-Derived iPSC Line. Cell Stem Cell 27 137-146.e6 PMID: 32442395

Katja et al (2020) A Human Skeletal Muscle Atlas Identifies the Trajectories of Stem and Progenitor Cells across Development and from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 27 158-176.e10 PMID: 32396864

Da-Zhi et al (2020) Transient exposure to miR-203 enhances the differentiation capacity of established pluripotent stem cells. EMBO J 39 e104324 PMID: 32614092

Valentina et al (2020) Intravital three-dimensional bioprinting. Nat Biomed Eng 4 901-915 PMID: 32572195

Yanyan et al (2020) Autologous correction in patient induced pluripotent stem cell-endothelial cells to identify a novel pathogenic mutation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Pulm Circ 10 2045894019885357 PMID: 33282178

Oliver et al (2020) Inhibition of LTβR signalling activates WNT-induced regeneration in lung. Nature 588 151-156 PMID: 33149305

Tina et al (2020) An in vitro model of early anteroposterior organization during human development. Nature 582 410-415 PMID: 32528178

Christoph et al (2020) In vitro characterization of the human segmentation clock. Nature 580 113-118 PMID: 31915384

Yuka et al (2020) Reconstitution of prospermatogonial specification in vitro from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 11 5656 PMID: 33168808

Claudio J et al (2020) Regulation of Tumor Initiation by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier. Cell Metab 31 284-300.e7 PMID: 31813825

Melissa J et al (2020) Genome Editing-Mediated Utrophin Upregulation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Stem Cells. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 22 500-509 PMID: 33230452

Jason et al (2020) Generation and trapping of a mesoderm biased state of human pluripotency. Nat Commun 11 4989 PMID: 33020476

Sheng et al (2020) Overcoming Wnt-β-catenin dependent anticancer therapy resistance in leukaemia stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 22 689-700 PMID: 32313104

Olivier et al (2020) Bioelectrical domain walls in homogeneous tissues. Nat Phys 16 357-364 PMID: 33790984

Lorna et al (2020) Differentiation of a Contractile, Ureter-Like Tissue, from Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Ureteric Bud and Ex Fetu Mesenchyme. J Am Soc Nephrol 31 2253-2262 PMID: 32826325

Carissa et al (2020) Potently Cytotoxic Natural Killer Cells Initially Emerge from Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors during Mammalian Development. Dev Cell 53 229-239.e7 PMID: 32197069

Maija L et al (2020) Elevated de novo protein synthesis in FMRP-deficient human neurons and its correction by metformin treatment. Mol Autism 11 41 PMID: 32460900

Minhyung et al (2020) Neuroprotective Effects of Cryptotanshinone in a Direct Reprogramming Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 25 PMID: 32784741

Janghwan et al (2020) The combination of forskolin and VPA increases gene expression efficiency to the hypoxia/neuron-specific system. Ann Transl Med 8 933 PMID: 32953733

Lee J et al (2020) Human Motor Neurons With SOD1-G93A Mutation Generated From CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-Edited iPSCs Develop Pathological Features of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 14 604171 PMID: 33328898

Micha et al (2020) Nucleus size and DNA accessibility are linked to the regulation of paraspeckle formation in cellular differentiation. BMC Biol 18 42 PMID: 32321486

Chan Young et al (2020) Robust and Reproducible Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells by Defined Factors. Int J Stem Cells 13 80-92 PMID: 32114739

Joshua M et al (2020) A novel cardiomyogenic role for Isl1+ neural crest cells in the inflow tract. Sci Adv 6 PMID: 33268364

Mustafa K et al (2020) Disrupted ER membrane protein complex-mediated topogenesis drives congenital neural crest defects. J Clin Invest 130 813-826 PMID: 31904590

Yu-Hwai et al (2020) Differentiation of Human Intestinal Organoids with Endogenous Vascular Endothelial Cells. Dev Cell 54 516-528.e7 PMID: 32841595

Jianming et al (2020) Human Bocavirus 1 Infection of Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelium. Curr Protoc Microbiol 58 e107 PMID: 32639683

Steven C et al (2020) Mapping the Effects of Genetic Variation on Chromatin State and Gene Expression Reveals Loci That Control Ground State Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 27 459-469.e8 PMID: 32795400

Vijay Pratap et al (2020) Persistent DNA Damage and Senescence in the Placenta Impacts Developmental Outcomes of Embryos. Dev Cell 54 333-347.e7 PMID: 32800293

Andrew et al (2020) Organoids Model Transcriptional Hallmarks of Oncogenic KRAS Activation in Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells. Cell Stem Cell 27 663-678.e8 PMID: 32891189

Igor I et al (2020) Generation of T cells from Human and Nonhuman Primate Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bio Protoc 10 e3675 PMID: 33659345

Kim et al (2021) Biphasic activation of WNT signaling facilitates the derivation of midbrain dopamine neurons from hESCs for translational use. Cell Stem Cell 28 343 PMID: 33545081

Xiong et al (2021) Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Repair Circuits and Restore Neural Function cell stem Cell 28 112 PMID: 32966778

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Reviews for CHIR 99021

Average Rating: 4.9 (Based on 16 Reviews.)

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IPS culture.
By Murali K Yanda on 09/27/2022
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ips

Mouse ips cells culture with 2i media.

review image
2i medium culture.
By Yu Chen on 07/11/2022
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ESC

ESC 2i medium culture; 3 uM

review image
ESC culture.
By Xiaoyu Zhang on 11/23/2021
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ESC

In vitro cell culture addition. The image shows the morphology of ESC colonies after conversion using the treatment condition. This condition supported the conversion and long-term maintenance of dome-shaped ESCs from primed ESCs.

review image
Differentiation to cartilage.
By Julieta O'Flaherty on 12/08/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: iPSCs

I used at 3uM to generate cartilage from iPSCs, worked really well. Keep at -80C for long term storage

review image
Kidney organoids.
By Kirsty Rooney on 11/21/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: MAN13 hESCs

I use 8uM of CHIR to differentiate hESCs to intermediate mesoderm and then to kidney organoids

review image
Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.
By Paul Humphreys on 11/20/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: hPSCs

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards mesoderm lineages. Used at concentration of 3uM. Very effective in induction of mesoderm markers.

Perform titration against your cell line to optimise correct concentration.

review image
iPSC differentiation.
By Stephanie Hsiao on 10/13/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: iPSC

Differentiation of human iPSCs into hematopoietic progenitor cells.

iPSC culture medium supplemented with 4 uM of CHIR99021.

review image
It worked good.
By Anonymous on 07/04/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: iPSC

Reprogramming media comprises of 3 μM CHIR99021 and 0.5 μM A-83-01.

The cells were then maintained in RM 15 days with fresh media every other day

PMID: 29681516
review image
For maintenance of stem cells pluripotency.
By Anonymous on 06/25/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: Neural Stem Cells

For directed differentiation to neural, cells are treated with GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021 to induce canonical WNT signaling. This product gave me reproducible results.

It's better to aliquot and keep it at -80°C for long term storage.

PMID: 27133794
review image
Works as intended..
By Anonymous on 04/04/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Rat
Cell Line/Tissue: Sprague-Dawley rats primary neuronal

10 μM for 2 h

PMID: 31291571 Reference
review image
Differentiation of human dopaminergic neurons from stem cells.
By Anonymous on 02/17/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: Stem Cells

Used this product routinely to differentiate dopaminergic neurons from human stem cells.

review image
The hiPSCs were maintained with Essential 8 Flex Medium with CHIR 99021.
By Anonymous on 02/08/2020
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: ipsc

1.4 μM

PMID: 29939162
review image
All iPSC lines and R1 mouse ES cells were maintained on feeders in KO-DMEM (Invitrogen) with 3 mM CHIR99021, and 1 mM PD0325901..
By Anonymous on 12/04/2019
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: ipsc

All iPSC lines and R1 mouse ES cells were maintained on feeders in KO-DMEM (Invitrogen) with 3 mM CHIR99021, and 1 mM PD0325901.

PMID: 29358044
review image
works great for Wnt activation.
By avinash waghray on 08/08/2019
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human

In Tissue culture for growing basal cells

PMID: 27320041
Check the maintenance of naive pluripotency in 2i.
By Megha PB on 07/18/2018
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: E14TG2a

Culture mouse ES cells in 2i media and without 2i to assess differentiation. Only the cells in 2i are pluripotent while mES cells cultured in -2i for 48 hours exit naive pluripotency.

review image
reliable product.
By Pinyuan Tian on 07/05/2018
Assay Type: In Vitro
Species: Human
Cell Line/Tissue: pluripotent stem cells

For directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to kidney organoids, cells are treated with GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021 to induce canonical WNT signaling. CHIR99021 concentration and differentiation time period are the key factors for this protocol. I found this product gave me reproducible results.

Although the datasheet says store at -20°C, it's better to aliquot and keep it at -80°C for long term storage.

review image

Literature in this Area

Tocris offers the following scientific literature in this area to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!

*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.

Stem Cell Research Product Guide

Stem Cell Research Product Guide

This product guide provides a background to the use of small molecules in stem cell research and lists over 200 products for use in:

  • Self-renewal and Maintenance
  • Differentiation
  • Reprogramming
  • Organoid Generation
  • GMP and Ancillary Material Grade Products
Stem Cells Scientific Review

Stem Cells Scientific Review

Written by Kirsty E. Clarke, Victoria B. Christie, Andy Whiting and Stefan A. Przyborski, this review provides an overview of the use of small molecules in the control of stem cell growth and differentiation. Key signaling pathways are highlighted, and the regulation of ES cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming is discussed. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.

Alzheimer's Disease Poster

Alzheimer's Disease Poster

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, affecting approximately 30% of individuals aged over 85 years. This poster summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD.

Stem Cells Poster

Stem Cells Poster

Written by Rebecca Quelch and Stefan Przyborski from Durham University (UK), this poster describes the isolation of pluripotent stem cells, their maintenance in culture, differentiation, and the generation and potential uses of organoids.

Pathways for CHIR 99021

Wnt Signaling Pathway

Wnt Signaling Pathway

The Wnt pathway is involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation in adult tissues and also during embryogenesis. Disturbances within the pathway may lead to the formation of tumors and promote metastasis.